Marc R. Blackman

TL;DR: Observations of health factor independent, age-related longitudinal decreases in T and free T, resulting in a high frequency of hypogonadal values, suggest that further investigation of T replacement in aged men, perhaps targeted to those with the lowest serum T concentrations, are justified.

TL;DR: It may be justifiable initially to limit use of GH to certain elderly patients such as those suffering from catabolic illnesses, malnourishment, burns, cachexia, etc, but a great deal more research will be necessary to determine whether normalization of GH and IGF-I levels in healthy older persons will lead to improvements in their physical and psychological functional capacity and quality of life.

TL;DR: GH with or without sex steroids in healthy, aged women and men increased LBM and decreased fat mass and sex steroid + GH increased muscle strength marginally and VO( 2)max.

TL;DR: A possible beneficial relationship between circulating free T concentrations and specific domains of cognitive performance in older men is suggested.

TL;DR: Calculated free testosterone concentrations were lower in men who developed Alzheimer disease, and this difference occurred before diagnosis, and future research may determine whether higher endogenous free testosterone levels offer protection against a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in older men.