다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

This Review is focused on ion-transport mechanisms and fundamental properties of solid-state electrolytes to be used in electrochemical energy-storage systems. Properties of the migrating species significantly affecting diffusion, including the valency and ionic radius, are discussed. The natures of the ligand and metal composing the skeleton of the host framework are analyzed and shown to have large impacts on the performance of solid-state electrolytes. A comprehensive identification of the candidate migrating species and structures is carried out. Not only the bulk properties of the conductors are explored, but the concept of tuning the conductivity through interfacial effects—specifically controlling grain boundaries and strain at the interfaces—is introduced. High-frequency dielectric constants and frequencies of low-energy optical phonons are shown as examples of properties that correlate with activation energy across many classes of ionic conductors. Experimental studies and theoretical results are...

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Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction

First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the electrochemical stability of lithium solid electrolyte materials in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The common solid electrolytes were found to have a limited electrochemical window. Our results suggest that the outstanding stability of the solid electrolyte materials is not thermodynamically intrinsic but is originated from kinetic stabilizations. The sluggish kinetics of the decomposition reactions cause a high overpotential leading to a nominally wide electrochemical window observed in many experiments. The decomposition products, similar to the solid-electrolyte-interphases, mitigate the extreme chemical potential from the electrodes and protect the solid electrolyte from further decompositions. With the aid of the first-principles calculations, we revealed the passivation mechanism of these decomposition interphases and quantified the extensions of the electrochemical window from the interphases. We also found that the artificial coating layers applied at the solid electrolyte and electrode interfaces have a similar effect of passivating the solid electrolyte. Our newly gained understanding provided general principles for developing solid electrolyte materials with enhanced stability and for engineering interfaces in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries.

Origin of Outstanding Stability in the Lithium Solid Electrolyte Materials: Insights from Thermodynamic Analyses Based on First-Principles Calculations

Achieving a Li-ion conductivity in the solid state comparable to existing liquid electrolytes is challenging. A fundamental relationship between anion packing and ionic transport now reveals desirable structural attributes for Li-ion conductors.

Design principles for solid-state lithium superionic conductors

Review on solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries

Li6PS5X: A Class of Crystalline Li‐Rich Solids With an Unusually High Li+ Mobility

Li6PS5X: A Class of Crystalline Li-Rich Solids with an Unusually High Li+ Mobility.

The tetrahedral [Cu(phenAr2)(py)2]+ coordination motif (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; py = pyridine) conceived on the basis of the HETPYP concept (heteroleptic pyridyl and phenanthroline metal complexes) is a versatile dynamic unit for constructing various heteroleptic metallosupramolecular pseudo-1D, 2D, and 3D structures, both in solution and the solid state. The 2,9-diaryl substituted phenanthroline (phenAr2) serves as a capping ligand for copper(I) ions, as its bulky nature prevents formation of the homoleptic complex [Cu(phenAr2)2]+. Combination of the dynamic and concave metal ligand building block [Cu(phenAr2)]+ with various pyridine (py) ligands, such as bi-, tri-, and tetra-pyridines, opened the way to infinite 1D helicates, 2D networks, and discrete 3D hexanuclear cages, whereas spatial integration of both phenAr2 and py units into a single ligand resulted in the formation of a Borromean-ring-type hexanuclear cage.

Cap for copper(I) ions! Metallosupramolecular solid and solution state structures on the basis of the dynamic tetrahedral [Cu(phenAr2)(py)2]+ motif.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (DESs) dissolve simple metal oxides and are used as a reaction medium to synthesize spinel-type ferrite nanoparticles MFe2O4 (M=Mg, Zn, Co, Ni). The best results for phase-pure spinel ferrites are obtained with the DES consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and maleic acid. By employing DESs, the reactions proceed at much lower temperatures than usual for the respective solid-phase reactions of the metal oxides and at the same temperatures as synthesis with comparable calcination processes using metal salts. The method therefore reduces the overall required energy for the nanoparticle synthesis. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermolysis process of the eutectic melts in air occurs in one major step. The phase-pure spinel-type ferrite particles are thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse-reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The properties of the obtained nanoparticles are shown to be comparable to those obtained by other methods, illustrating the potential of natural DESs for processing metal oxides.

Preparation of Magnesium, Cobalt and Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles from Metal Oxides using Deep Eutectic Solvents

The light gray selenogallate CsGaSe2-mC64 was obtained by reaction of stoichiometric amounts of CsN3, GaSe, and Se at elevated temperatures. Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 11.043(2) A, b = 11.015(4) A, c = 16.810(2) A, β = 99.49(1) °, V = 2016.7(8) A3, and Z = 16 (powder data, ambient temperature). Its crystal structure features anionic layers ∞2[Ga4Se84–] consisting of corner-sharing Ga4Se10 supertetrahedra. The compound undergoes a first-order phase transition at temperatures of 610 ± 10 °C. The high-temperature phase CsGaSe2-mC16 also crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 7.651(3) A, b = 12.552(4) A, c = 6.170(3) A, β = 113.62(4)°, V = 542.9(5) A3, and Z = 4 (powder data, ambient temperature). The crystal structure of the high-temperature phase consists of SiS2 analogous chains ∞1[GaSe2–]. In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction experiments were perfor...

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of Two Polymorphs of CsGaSe2, and High-Temperature X-ray Diffraction Study of the Phase Transition Kinetics

Marc Schlosser

Papers

Li6PS5X: A Class of Crystalline Li‐Rich Solids With an Unusually High Li+ Mobility

Li6PS5X: A Class of Crystalline Li-Rich Solids with an Unusually High Li+ Mobility.

Cap for copper(I) ions! Metallosupramolecular solid and solution state structures on the basis of the dynamic tetrahedral [Cu(phenAr2)(py)2]+ motif.

Preparation of Magnesium, Cobalt and Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles from Metal Oxides using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of Two Polymorphs of CsGaSe2, and High-Temperature X-ray Diffraction Study of the Phase Transition Kinetics