Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual \"filling in,\" visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.

A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness-Authors' Response-Acting out our sensory experience

In the first two volumes of this work, Paul Ricoeur examined the relations between time and narrative in historical writing, fiction, and theories of literature. This final volume, a comprehensive reexamination and synthesis of the ideas developed in volumes 1 and 2, stands as Ricoeur's most complete and satisfying presentation of his own philosophy.

Time and Narrative

basic research and clinical data in an attempt to derive a cohesive model which explains the behavioral effects of the drug. Johnson is an experimental psychologist, and his work underlies many of the chapters which suggest that lithium decreases the behavioral response to novel external stimuli. He then utilizes this foundation to propose a cognitive model for lithium's anti-manic action, its inhibition of violent impulsivity, and its prophylactic effects in recurrent depression. Previous formulations which were clinically based, such as that of Mabel Blake Cohen and her associates, stressed the primacy of depression and noted the \"manic defense\" as an attempt to ward off intolerable depression. In direct contrast, Johnson views mania as the primary disturbance in bipolar disorder. He considers depression in bipolar disease as an over-zealous homeostatic inhibitory responsf to a maniaassociated cognitive overload. Consistent with this, he believes, lit lum exerts its anti-manic effect by decreasing cognitive processing in a manner analogous to his animal studies. Johnson also suggests that lithium exerts its prophylactic effect in recurrent depressions by treating subclinical mania. These concepts are supported by the work of Johnson's associate, Kukopulos, to whom the book is dedicated. The bulk of the research which describes the cognitive disturbance in mania is complex, however, and uncomfortably open to multiple interpretations. Recognized as a preliminary effort, Johnson's formulation may help to guide further research. Although Johnson clearly traces lithium actions through a broad range of subjects, his discussion of the neurophysiological aspects of this drug is notably spotty. In particular, Johnson ignores the work of Svensson, DeMontigny, Aghajanian, and others who suggest that serotonergic systems may play an important role in the antidepressant actions of lithium. As a result, he fails to discuss one of the most important current uses of lithium: as an agent used in conjunction with antidepressant medications to increase treatment response in medication-resistant forms of depression. Lithium augmentation of antidepressant medication also challenges the formulation presented by Johnson. This formulation suggests that lithium should have no therapeutic value in patients, such as those with endogenous depression, who already \"under-process\" cognitive information. The omission of lithium augmentation in depression is clearly unfortunate in this text. Overall, this volume demonstrates the benefits of a single-authored text. It it clearly organized and readable. The bibliography is also broad and useful. In this book, Johnson primarily addresses a research audience, and his model seems designed to stimulate thought rather than to improve clinical technique. In this capacity, his book will be of most interest to behavioral psychologists. Other books, focusing purely on clinical data, may be more useful to clinicians. Nevertheless, the clear organization, the large bibliography, and the thoughtful presentation may make this text a useful addition to a clinical library as well.

The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World.

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Cognition In The Wild

Preface Introduction: The Role of the Reader I. Open 1. The Poetics of the Open Work 2. The Semantics of Metaphor 3. On the Possibility of Generating Aesthetic Messages in an Edenic Language II. Closed 4. The Myth of Superman 5. Rhetoric and Ideology in Sue's Les Mysteres de Paris 6. Narrative Structures in Fleming III. Open/Closed 7. Peirce and the Semiotic Foundations of Openness: Signs as Texts and Texts as Signs 8. Lector in Fabula: Pragmatic Strategy in a Metanarrative Text Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Bibliography

The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts

Drawing on work in cognitive neuroscience and psycholinguistics, narrative theorists have argued that making sense of stories builds on schemata drawn from our embodied experience of the world. Put simply, as audiences immerse themselves into fictional worlds, they bring their bodies along—and this makes an important difference for interpretation. This essay explores this difference in relation to two prose narratives that seek to connect readers with the ‘deep history’ of human evolution: “Out of Eden” (2013-), a writing project by American journalist Paul Salopek; and The Inheritors (1955), a novel by British author William Golding. Both narratives strategically exploit readers’ embodied resonance as they imagine (respectively) the migration of our ancestors and the life of a group of Neanderthals. In this way, Salopek and Golding use embodied experience as a probe into the ideologically loaded question of human difference—and of our position vis-à-vis the nonhuman world.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8560105/file/8560106.pdf

A walk through deep history : narrative, embodied strategies, and human evolution

Scholars working in different areas of literary studies have recently developed an interest in how literature deals with the 'deep', evolutionary history of humankind. Cross-fertilizing this line of enquiry with accounts of consciousness representation in cognitive narrative theory, my essay explores literary figurations of prehistoric mentalities and their interpretive ramifications. Through two case studies, Jack London's Before Adam (1906) and William Golding's The Inheritors (1955), I examine how fictional texts may convey the difference between modern-day cognition and the psychological life of our hominid ancestors. By investigating the narrative strategies employed by London (first-person narration, embedded narrative) and Golding (internal focalization), I advance hypotheses about how such devices may guide readers' engagements with the two novellas' protagonists and shape their interpretations. I argue that, while London renders the cognitive specificity of proto-humans in purely negative terms - that is, by subtracting capacities that we tend to associate with Homo sapiens - Golding stages a complex trade-off between archaic and modern mentalities. In different ways, both London's and Golding's novellas can prompt reflection on the cognitive evolution of the Homo genus, potentially involving readers in the challenges of thinking about evolutionary phenomena.

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Cognition and Evolution in London's Before Adam and Golding's The Inheritors

In his article "Embodied Cognition and the Grotesque in Calvino's scrutatore and Sanguineti's Capriccio italiano embodied experience and how they can be brought to bear on literary texts. Drawing on cognitive science, he argues that the embodiment of people's engagement with the world emerges from the interaction between the physical structure of the body and socio shows how such nexus of biological make meanings in the representation of grotesque bodies. analyzes Italo Calvino's La giornata d'uno scrutatore Capriccio italiano, wherein distorted bodies play an important > ISSN 1481-4374 Issue 1 (March 2014) Article X Marco Caracciolo, Cognition and the Grotesque in and Sanguineti's Capriccio italiano b.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol16/iss1/X>

/pdf/embodied-cognition-and-the-grotesque-in-calvino-s-la-1oobrdugaq.pdf

Embodied Cognition and the Grotesque in Calvino's La giornata d'uno scrutatore and Sanguineti's Capriccio italiano

Review of: Timothy Aubry, Reading as Therapy

Probability is a central concept in scientific models of causation. When I say, for instance, that ‘smoking causes lung cancer,’ I am not implying that smoking will necessarily result in lung cancer; I am only suggesting a strong (causal) relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of lung cancer. That relationship is probabilistic and based on statistical models which help scientists distinguish merely accidental outcomes from causal linkage. In this article, I focus on how this kind of probabilistic relation brought into view by scientific models puts pressure on the ‘folk’ understanding of causation that underlies storytelling. Probability also plays an important role in narrative: when readers or viewers parse a se-quence of narrated actions, their interpretation will build on assumptions about both causation (action 1 led to action 2) and probability (how likely action 2 is as an outcome of action 1). Crucially, however, narrative probability reflects cultural expectations surrounding human behavior, not statistical regularities. By contrast, narrative engagements with complex phenomena (particularly, in this article, climate change) call for new ways of thinking about narrative causation—ways that approximate the probabilistic understanding of statistical models. We

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01GTC711PSMDFHF84Z5RQHR5AM/file/01GTC77WXBV72W6SCEYP4RF4A4.pdf

Marco Caracciolo

Papers

A walk through deep history : narrative, embodied strategies, and human evolution

Cognition and Evolution in London's Before Adam and Golding's The Inheritors

Embodied Cognition and the Grotesque in Calvino's La giornata d'uno scrutatore and Sanguineti's Capriccio italiano

Review of: Timothy Aubry, Reading as Therapy

Rabbit Holes and Butterfly Effects: Narrative Probabilities and Climate Science