자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Attachment--and loss.

Erik Eriksen is a remarkable individual. He has no college degrees yet is Professor of Human Development at Harvard University. He came to psychology via art, which explains why the reader will find him painting contexts and backgrounds rather than stating dull facts and concepts. He has been a training psychoanalyst for many years as well as a perceptive observer of cultural and social settings and their effect on growing up. This is not just a book on childhood. It is a panorama of our society. Anxiety in young children, apathy in American Indians, confusion in veterans of war, and arrogance in young Nazis are scrutinized under the psychoanalytic magnifying glass. The material is well written and devoid of technical jargon. The theme of the volume is that it is human to have a long childhood which will leave a lifelong residue of emotional immaturity in man. Primitive groups and

Childhood and Society.

Much has been written about theory and practice in the law, and the tension between practitioners and theorists. Judges do not cite theoretical articles often; they rarely "apply" theories to particular cases. These arguments are not revisited. Instead the Essay explores the working and interaction of theory and practice, practitioners and theorists. The Essay starts with a story about solving a legal issue using our intellectual tools - theory, practice, and their progenies: experience and "gut." Next the Essay elaborates on the nature of theory, practice, experience and "gut." The third part of the Essay discusses theories that are helpful to practitioners and those that are less helpful. The Essay concludes that practitioners theorize, and theorists practice. They use these intellectual tools differently because the goals and orientations of theorists and practitioners, and the constraints under which they act, differ. Theory, practice, experience and "gut" help us think, remember, decide and create. They complement each other like the two sides of the same coin: distinct but inseparable.

Of Theory and Practice

Wholeness and the Implicate Order

The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological preliminary study was to gain a better understanding of the experience of mothering after prison. In-depth interviewing was conducted with two participants for a period of 4 months after their release from prison. All interviews were focused on the research question, “What has been your experience of mothering since your release from prison?” Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The following four themes emerged: “always the mother,” “separation anxiety,” “new demands: divided loyalties,” and “the honeymoon is over.”

The lived experience of mothering after prison: The preliminary study

This article uses certain essential characteristics of the principle of autonomy to explore the issue of prisoners' rights to decision-making and action in general, and research participation in particular. Exploring the moral principle of autonomy and its importance in furthering human rights will inform nurses who are conducting research with prisoners or other vulnerable populations.

Prisoners and Autonomy: Implications for the Informed Consent Process with Vulnerable Populations

Margaret Newman's theory, Health as Expanding Consciousness (HEC), was used to examine the life pattern of two incarcerated mothers awaiting release from prison. Pattern recognition provided a way to approach understanding the experience of incarceration in a novel fashion. The process increased trust between the mothers and the nurse, and was a useful strategy in articulating the contribution of nursing science and humanistic care.

Margaret Oot Hayes

Papers

The lived experience of mothering after prison: The preliminary study

Prisoners and Autonomy: Implications for the Informed Consent Process with Vulnerable Populations

Health as expanding consciousness: pattern recognition and incarcerated mothers, a transforming experience.