Showing papers by "Margarita Karovska published in 2019"
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Goddard Space Flight Center1, Pennsylvania State University2, American Museum of Natural History3, University of Maryland, College Park4, University of Maryland, Baltimore County5, University of Florida6, INAF7, Borough of Manhattan Community College8, Los Alamos National Laboratory9, Vanderbilt University10, University of California, Santa Barbara11, CFA Institute12, Columbia University13, University of Alabama14, University of California, Berkeley15
TL;DR: The 8th Astro2020 Thematic Area is Multimessenger Astronomy and Astrophysics, which includes the identification of the sources of gravitational waves, astrophysical and cosmogenic neutrinos, cosmic rays, and gamma-rays, and coordinated multimessenger and multiwavelength follow-ups.
Abstract: Electromagnetic observations of the sky have been the basis for our study of the Universe for millennia, cosmic ray studies are now entering their second century, the first neutrinos from an astrophysical source were identified three decades ago, and gravitational waves were directly detected only four years ago. Detections of these messengers are now common. Astrophysics will undergo a revolution in the 2020s as multimessenger detections become routine. The 8th Astro2020 Thematic Area is Multimessenger Astronomy and Astrophysics, which includes the identification of the sources of gravitational waves, astrophysical and cosmogenic neutrinos, cosmic rays, and gamma-rays, and the coordinated multimessenger and multiwavelength follow-ups. Identifying and characterizing multimessenger sources enables science throughout and beyond astrophysics. Success in the multimessenger era requires: (i) sensitive coverage of the non-electromagnetic messengers, (ii) full coverage of the electromagnetic spectrum, with either fast-response observations or broad and deep high-cadence surveys, and (iii) improved collaboration, communication, and notification platforms.
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of multimessenger science and the capabilities necessary to enable them, and recommend a broad range of instruments and missions with improved communication capabilities.
Abstract: We present an overview of multimessenger science and the capabilities necessary to enable them. In short, we recommend a broad range of instruments and missions, with improved communication. We end with a table demonstrating this need.
5 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify and discuss the physical processes that must be included in current 1D and 3D atmosphere models of cool, evolved stars, their properties and parameters, through high-resolution spectroscopic observations, and interferometric observations at high angular resolution.
Abstract: Cool, evolved stars are the main source of chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium (ISM), and understanding their mass loss and structure offers a unique opportunity to study the cycle of matter in the Universe. Pulsation, convection, and other dynamic processes in cool evolved stars create an atmosphere where molecules and dust can form, including those necessary to the formation of life (e.g.~Carbon-bearing molecules). Understanding the structure and composition of these stars is thus vital to several aspects of stellar astrophysics, ranging from ISM studies to modeling young galaxies and exoplanet research.
Recent modeling efforts and increasingly precise observations now reveal that our understanding of cool stars photospheric, chromospheric, and atmospheric structures is limited by inadequate knowledge of the dynamic and chemical processes at work. Here we outline promising scientific opportunities for the next decade.
We identify and discuss the following main opportunities: (1) identify and model the physical processes that must be included in current 1D and 3D atmosphere models of cool, evolved stars; (2) refine our understanding of photospheric, chromospheric, and outer atmospheric regions of cool evolved stars, their properties and parameters, through high-resolution spectroscopic observations, and interferometric observations at high angular resolution; (3) include the neglected role of chromospheric activity in the mass loss process of red giant branch and red super giant stars, and understand the role played by their magnetic fields; (4) identify the important shaping mechanisms for planetary nebulae and their relation with the parent asymptotic giant branch stars.
5 citations
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Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory1, University College London2, Queen's University Belfast3, American University4, INAF5, Space Telescope Science Institute6, Johns Hopkins University7, United States Naval Research Laboratory8, Massachusetts Institute of Technology9, California State University, Northridge10, Princeton University11, University of Potsdam12, University of Michigan13, Goddard Space Flight Center14, University of Leicester15, Rochester Institute of Technology16, Harvard University17
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss contributions to the study of exoplanets and their environs which can be made by X-ray data of increasingly high quality that are achievable in the next 10-15 years.
Abstract: Over the last two decades, the discovery of exoplanets has fundamentally changed our perception of the universe and humanity's place within it. Recent work indicates that a solar system's X-ray and high energy particle environment is of fundamental importance to the formation and development of the atmospheres of close-in planets such as hot Jupiters, and Earth-like planets around M stars. X-ray imaging and spectroscopy provide powerful and unique windows into the high energy flux that an exoplanet experiences, and X-ray photons also serve as proxies for potentially transfigurative coronal mass ejections. Finally, if the host star is a bright enough X-ray source, transit measurements akin to those in the optical and infrared are possible and allow for direct characterization of the upper atmospheres of exoplanets. In this brief white paper, we discuss contributions to the study of exoplanets and their environs which can be made by X-ray data of increasingly high quality that are achievable in the next 10--15 years.
2 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify compelling scientific opportunities in the field of cool, evolved stars, describing the observational and theoretical challenges to our understanding, and the key advancements made, and portray the pathway towards understanding and identify, through recommendations, which advancements are necessary in 2020-2030 & beyond.
Abstract: This White Paper identifies compelling scientific opportunities in the field of Cool, Evolved Stars, describing the observational and theoretical challenges to our understanding, and the key advancements made. We portray the pathway towards understanding, and identify, through recommendations, which advancements are necessary in 2020-2030 & beyond.
1 citations