Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (vol 380, pg 2197, 2012)

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)61689-4.pdf

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Federal Republic of Nigeria

Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)60149-4.pdf

Adolescence and the social determinants of health

This paper is a synopsis of a major report by the WHO which collates information on crashes worldwide. It summarises the key findings and the recommendations of the report. The central theme of the Report is the burden of road traffic injuries and the urgent need for governments and other key players to increase and sustain action to prevent road traffic injuries. The specific objectives are: to describe the burden, intensity, pattern and impacts of road traffic injuries at global, regional and national levels; to examine the key determinants and risk factors; to discuss interventions and strategies that can be employed to address the problem; and to make recommendations for action at local, national and international levels. Key findings include: road traffic injuries are a huge public health and development problem predicted to worsen if appropriate action is not taken; the majority of road traffic injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries; road safety should be addressed using a "systems approach;" road safety is a shared responsibility and public health has a key role to play; and road traffic injuries can be prevented. The Report concludes by offering six recommendations: identify a lead agency in government to guide the national road traffic safety effort; assess the problem, policies and institutional settings; prepare a national road safety strategy and plan of action; allocate financial and human resources to address the problem; implement specific actions to prevent road traffic crashes, minimize injuries and their consequences, and evaluate the impact of these actions; and support the development of national capacity and international co-operation.

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention

Every year, around 830 000 children die from unintentional or "accidental" injuries. The vast majority of these injuries occur in low-income and middle-income countries. However, dozens of prevention strategies and programmes exist. If they were integrated into other child survival programmes and implemented on a larger scale, many of these deaths and much of the injury-related disability could be prevented. Improved health services could also go a long way in reducing the consequences of these injuries.To draw attention to this important public health problem and the possible solutions, WHO and UNICEF have produced this World report on child injury prevention with support from many experts. The report documents the magnitude, risks and prevention measures for child injuries globally –particularly for drowning, burns, road traffic injuries, falls and poisoning. The report makes seven concrete recommendations for policy-makers to improve child injury prevention. This new document is an important policy and advocacy tool for raising attention the issue and guiding action around the world.

World Report on Child Injury Prevention

Introduction Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death among children and young adults (1) Over 875 000 children [less than or equal to] 18 years of age die annually in the world as a result of injuries, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where injuries account for 13% of the total burden of morbidity among children [less than or equal to] 15 years of age (2,3) According to a report from the United Nations Children's Fund, childhood injuries declined by 50% in high-income countries (HIC) between 1970 and 1995 Unfortunately, several reports from low-income countries have shown the opposite trend (4-7) The burden and pattern of child injuries are just now being studied in LMIC, where the age distribution of the population compounds the problem posed by child injuries In 2005, 23% of the world's population of children In the global childhood unintentional injury surveillance (GCUIS) study, which was initiated in January 2007 in response to the lack of standardized child injury data from LMIC and the paucity of multi-country studies on child injuries, a standardized protocol was implemented to collect data from hospitals in several countries The study objective was to determine the frequency and nature of childhood injuries in selected urban settings within LMIC by means of a pilot injury surveillance system The pilot study described in this paper, which pools the results from four sites during the first phase of GCUIS, was intended to enhance the evidence base for planning child injury interventions in these areas It is, to our knowledge, one of the first to collect standardized child injury data from emergency departments (EDs) in multiple sites in LMIC Methods In the GCUIS study, a standard surveillance form was administered to the caretakers of injured children seen at EDs in four LMIC to identify all unintentional injuries The surveillance questions were based on a variety of sources, including the International classification of external causes of injuries (in short form for pilot studies), the South African Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital injury surveillance study instrument, and previous work done by the authors in Pakistan (8-11) By using a standardized electronic data entry form in Epi Info version 332 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America), we recorded the following for the GCUIS study: demographic information; data on mortality and disability from injuries and an injury severity score (ISS); risk factors such as age, gender, time of day and activity of the child when injured; selected cost of treatment; use of safety measures by families; and outcome of treatment in the ED Details of the ISS used in this study, which provides an overall severity score for patients with multiple injuries, can be found elsewhere; in general, the lower the ISS score, the higher the probability of survival (12,13) Physicians in the ED of the four participating sites were shown how to grade injury severity and were given comprehensive guidelines on using the surveillance instrument (14) In the GCUIS study, injury was operationally defined as any type of unintentional damage to any body part in patients seen in a designated GCUIS ED The study focused on children

Global Childhood Unintentional Injury Surveillance in Four Cities in Developing Countries: A Pilot study/Surveillance Internationale Des Traumatismes Non Intentionnels De L'enfant Dans Quatre Metropoles De Pays En Developpement: Etude pilote/Vigilancia Mundial De Las Lesiones Infantiles No Intencionales En Cuatro Ciudades De Paises En Desarrollo: Estudio Piloto

Urban and regional planning has a contribution to make toward improving pedestrian safety, particularly in view of the fact that about 273,000 pedestrians were killed in road traffic crashes in 2010. The road is a built environments that should enhance safety and security for pedestrians, but this ideal is not always the case. This article presents an overview of the evidence on the risks that pedestrians face in the built environment. This article shows that design of the roadway and development of different land uses can either increase or reduce pedestrian road traffic injury. Planners need to design or modify the built environment to minimize risk for pedestrians.

Margie Peden

Papers

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention

World Report on Child Injury Prevention

Pedestrian Safety and the Built Environment: A Review of the Risk Factors

Informe mundial sobre prevención de los traumatismos causados por el tránsito