In the present paper a research has been done on the essay ‘Can the Subaltern Speak’ by’ Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’. It has been explained into much simpler language about what the author conveys for better understanding and further references. Also the criticism has been done by various critiques from various sources which is helpful from examination point of view. The paper has been divided into various contexts with an introduction and the conclusions. Also the references has been written that depicts the sources of criticism.

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Can the Subaltern Speak

Frantz Fanon’s explosive Black Skin, White Masks is a merciless expose of the psychological damage done by colonial rule across the world. Using Fanon’s incisive analytical abilities to expose the consequences of colonialism on the psyches of colonized peoples, it is both a crucial text in post-colonial theory, and a lesson in the power of analytical skills to reveal the realities that hide beneath the surface of things.  
Fanon was himself part of a colonized nation – Martinique – and grew up with the values and beliefs of French culture imposed upon him, while remaining relegated to an inferior status in society. Qualifying as a psychiatrist in France before working in Algeria (a French colony subject to brutal repression), his own experiences granted him a sharp insight into the psychological problems associated with colonial rule.  
Like any good analytical thinker, Fanon’s particular skill was in breaking things down and joining dots. His analysis of colonial rule exposed its implicit assumptions – and how they were replicated in colonised populations – allowing Fanon to unpick the hidden reasons behind his own conflicted psychological make up, and those of his patients. Unflinchingly clear-sighted in doing so, Black Skin White Masks remains a shocking read today.

An Analysis of Frantz Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks

Against our will: Men, women, and rape

Preface (1999) Preface (1990) 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire I. 'Women' as the Subject of Feminism II. The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire III. Gender: The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate IV. Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary and Beyond V. Identity, Sex and the Metaphysics of Substance VI. Language, Power and the Strategies of Displacement 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix I. Structuralism's Critical Exchange II. Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade III. Freud and the Melancholia of Gender IV. Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification V. Reformulating Prohibition as Power 3. Subversive Bodily Acts I. The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva II. Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity III. Monique Wittig - Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex IV. Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions Conclusion - From Parody to Politics

Postmodern Subjects, Postmodern BodiesThinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary WestYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsGender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis

It is by now generally agreed that government corruption is a serious impediment to economic growth. An intensive use of informal tolls and bribes on roads and waterways still prevail in several developing countries, hampering trade and economic development. On the basis of a general model of a trader travelling downstream past multiple stations and taxing authorities, we study the extent and magnitude of informal taxation on traders in Democratic Republic of Congo. River Congo is arguably one of the most important transportation routes in Africa in one of the world’s poorest countries. We show that informal tax payments per individual journey still make up about 14 percent of the variable costs and 9 times the monthly salary of a public official. Price discrimination in taxing is present in the sense that the value of the cargo is the main determinant of informal taxes paid whereas personal or other characteristics do not seem to have a strong impact. In line with hold-up theory, the average level of informal taxation tends to increase downstream closer to Kinshasa, but authorities that were explicitly banned from taxing instead extract more payments upstream.

https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/49667/1/gupea_2077_49667_1.pdf

Tolling on the River: Trade and Informal Taxation on the Congo

Fiscal capacity in “post”-conflict states: Evidence from trade on Congo river

Ce rapport est base sur une etude de cas originale, incluant des entretiens extensifs avec les forces armees en Republique Democratique du Congo (RDC) En explorant de maniere critique et remettant 

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La complexité de la violence Analyse critique des violences sexuelles en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC)

Research in the rape capital of the world

Vastvarldens historieskrivning praglas ofta av en dubbel optik dar slaveri, rasism, folkmord och kolonialism forlaggs till utomeuropeiska platser och sammanhang och avskiljs fran positivt laddade termer som upplysning, modernitet, individualism och demokrati. Den postkoloniala teorin har vuxit fram for att pa djupet undersoka och problematisera en sadan historieskrivning. Antologin Sverige och de Andra. Postkoloniala perspektiv innehaller valskrivna och teoretiskt vassa essaer som visar, ofta genom fascinerande historiska nedslag, hur kolonialismens forestallningsvarld och maktforhallanden fortsatter utova inflytande aven i samtidens Sverige.

Maria Eriksson Baaz

Papers

Tolling on the River: Trade and Informal Taxation on the Congo

Fiscal capacity in “post”-conflict states: Evidence from trade on Congo river

La complexité de la violence Analyse critique des violences sexuelles en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC)

Research in the rape capital of the world

Biståndet och partnetskapets problematik