Applications of conducting polymer composites to electrochemical sensors: A review

Since the early 70s electrochemistry has been used as a powerful analytical technique for monitoring electroactive species in living organisms. In particular, after extremely rapid evolution of new micro and nanotechnology it has been established as an invaluable technique ranging from experiments in vivo to measurement of exocytosis during communication between cells under in vitro conditions. This review highlights recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors for selective sensing of one of the most important neurotransmitters—dopamine. Dopamine is an electroactive catecholamine neurotransmitter, abundant in the mammalian central nervous system, affecting both cognitive and behavioral functions of living organisms. We have not attempted to cover a large time-span nor to be comprehensive in presenting the vast literature devoted to electrochemical dopamine sensing. Instead, we have focused on the last five years, describing recent progress as well as showing some problems and directions for future development.

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New trends in the electrochemical sensing of dopamine.

A novel composite of graphene quantum dots and molecularly imprinted polymer for fluorescent detection of paranitrophenol

Highly sensitive biomarker biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors

A glassy carbon electrode was modified with hydroxyapatite nanopowder (HA-NP) and characterized in terms of electrochemical oxidation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) via cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronocoulumetry. The oxidation peak current of 4-NP at the modified electrode was increased (compared to the bare GCE), thus indicating that the HA-NP exhibits a remarkable enhancement effect on the electrochemical oxidation of 4-NP. The effects of loading with HA-NP, pH value, scan rate and accumulation time were examined. The oxidation peak current of 4-NP is proportional to its concentration in the range from 1.0 μM to 300 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The detection limit is 0.6 μM (at an S/N = 3). The method is simple, selective and sensitive. It was successfully applied to the determination of 4-NP in water samples, with recoveries ranging from 96% to 104%.

Electrochemical oxidative determination of 4-nitrophenol based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a hydroxyapatite nanopowder

Electrochemical sensors based on platinum electrodes modified with hybrid inorganic–organic coatings for determination of 4-nitrophenol and dopamine

Our work aims to develop a novel electrochemical sensing platform based on SnO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si for selective nitrite detection. SnO2 coatings were prepared by classic sol-gel and microwave assisted sol-gel technique. In order to establish the best preparation conditions and electrocatalytic properties of the SnO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si a complex investigation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as electrochemical methods like cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA) was accomplished. The proposed platform demonstrated high sensitivity, selectivity and good stability for nitrite detection being a proper tool in nitrite sensing in real samples. A linear response was obtained on concentration range between 10 and 400 μM with the limits of detection and quantification of 1.7 (± 0.1) μM and 5.6 (± 0.2) μM, respectively.

Mariana Marin

Papers

Electrochemical sensors based on platinum electrodes modified with hybrid inorganic–organic coatings for determination of 4-nitrophenol and dopamine

Nitrite electrochemical sensing platform based on tin oxide films

Sinusoidal voltage electrodeposition of PEDOT-Prussian blue nanoparticles composite and its application to amperometric sensing of H2O2 in human blood

Enhanced Activity for Methanol Oxidation of Platinum Particles Supported on Iridium Oxide Modified Boron‐Doped Diamond Powder

Electrochemical determination of α-lipoic acid in human serum at platinum electrode