Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”

Gender and the Social Rights of Citizenship: The Comparative Analysis of Gender Relations and Welfare States

Disaster vulnerability is socially constructed, i.e., it arises out of the social and economic circumstances of everyday living. Most often discussed from the perspective of developing nations, this article extends the argument using American demographic trends. Examples from recent disasters, Hurricane Andrew in particular, illustrate how certain categories of people, such as the poor, the elderly, women-headed households and recent residents, are at greater risk throughout the disaster response process. Knowledge of where these groups are concentrated within communities and the general nature of their circumstances is an important step towards effective emergency management. Emergency planners, policy-makers and responding organisations are encouraged to identify and locate high-risk sectors on Community Vulnerability Maps, integrating this information into GIS systems where feasible. Effective disaster management calls for aggressively involving these neighbourhoods and groups at all levels of planning and response, as well as mitigation efforts that address the root causes of vulnerability.

https://www.buyteknet.info/fileshare/data/ana_pla_sis_amb/Hearn_Morrow.pdf

Identifying and mapping community vulnerability.

A Labour of Love: Women, Work and Caring

OUR CURRENT INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE of the generation and maintenance of the sexual division of labour has generally limited the discussion either to broad generalizations or to extrapolation based on highly specific examples, What we do know suggests that there is a tension between the remarkable consistency of the general lines of the sexual division of labour and the degree of variation that prevents the establishment of "universal" rules. Within the broad patriarchal relations of dominance and subordination, there is an almost infinite variation in both gender relations and the sexual division of labour. Nor is the pattern fixed in any single society. Sexual divisions are constructed, negotiated, and endlessly challenged. Recent work by anthropologists and sociologists has focused on ways in which patriarchal relations operate through the institutions of marriage and the family and in relation to capitalist productive relations. Historians have contributed a growing body of detailed studies which show subordination mediated through family patterns, economic and technological organization, religious and political ideology, and many other factors/

/pdf/she-was-skipper-of-the-shore-crew-notes-on-the-history-of-1bmx9ibj4h.pdf

"She Was Skipper of the Shore-Crew:" Notes on the History of the Sexual Division of Labour in Newfoundland

* Contents * 1. Introduction: Feminists doing development - Marilyn Porter. * Part 1: The structures that confine us * 2. NGOs in a Post-Feminist Era - Ines Smyth. * 3. Development and women in Pakistan - Tahera Aftab. * 4. The WID mandate in Japanese foreign aid - Sue Ellen Charlton. * 5. What I know about gender and development - Wu Qing. * Part 2: Staying feminist in development * 6. Insights from feminist health action in Western India - Renu Khanna. * 7. Partnering and expertise in feminist work for change - Barbara Cottrell. * 8. Women organising for change - Collette Oseen. * 9. Taking development in our hands: a reflection on Indonesian women's experience - Nori Andriyani. * Part 3: Integrating the local with the global * 10. Falling between the gaps - Fenella Porter and Valsa Verghese. * 11. Globalisation and development from the bottom - Joyce Green and Cora Voyageur. * 12. Mobilising garment workers in Bangladesh - Habiba Zaman. * Part 4: Working with global structures * 13. Women organising locally and globally - Peggy Antrobus and Linda Christiansen-Ruffman. * 14. Responding to globalisation: can feminists transform development? - Joanna Kerr. * 15. The new global architecture, gender and development practices - Isabella Bakker. * Afterword * 16. Afterword: opening spaces for transformative practice - Ellen Judd

Feminists doing development : a practical critique

Gender equity and equality is the fourth guiding principle of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF Guidelines), and sits within its wider human rights framework. The SSF Guidelines contain acknowledgement of the roles of women in the small-scale fisheries value chain, the need for gender equity and equality in access to human well-being resources, and the need for equal gender participation in fisheries governance. While the inclusion of gender in the SSF Guidelines is unprecedented and encouraging, effective implementation is the critical next step. Part of the implementation process will include the creation of culturally and regionally-specific information that allows local agencies to recognize and prioritize gender needs. To provide an example of the diverse and interacting issues related to the implementation of the gender equity and equality principle, we use case studies and expertise from seven countries and regions. We examine the context-specific issues that should be considered in the implementation process and focus on the many barriers to gender equity and equality in small-scale fisheries. We conclude by outlining the many gender approaches that could be used to implement the SSF Guidelines, and suggest a gender transformative approach. Such an approach focuses on illuminating root causes of gender injustice and inequality, and requires on-going examination of power relationships as well as capacity development for women and marginalized groups.

Promoting Gender Equity and Equality Through the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines: Experiences from Multiple Case Studies

Tanzania, like many other countries where eucheumatoid seaweeds are farmed, is experiencing die-off of Kappaphycus alvarezii. Farming is failing in many cultivation sites in shallow intertidal areas where it used to grow well. Production has fallen dramatically, and in some areas, hardly any seaweed is produced any longer. This study was carried out in Songo Songo Island, southern Tanzania, one of the most affected areas, during February–May 2009. Water temperature averaged 35.7 ± 2.4 °C, higher than what had been observed in seaweed farms in other areas in Tanzania. Salinity was normal seawater at 34.7 ± 0.5 ppt. In the abandoned farming sites, signs of ice-ice, epiphytic Neosiphonia and “dark spots” were observed on the seaweed. Fouling was also observed. Seaweed production decreased from 423.9 t worth US$82,000 in 2003 to 26 t in 2008 worth only US$4,500, and 28 t in 2012 worth US$4,300. Number of farmers was highest (809) during the production peak in 2003 then decreased to 320 in 2008. The number of fishing vessels decreased with an increase in number of farmers and seaweed production and increased when the number of farmers and seaweed production fell. Thus, high-surface water temperatures coupled with fouling, epiphytism, and ice-ice disease signs have caused dramatic decrease in seaweed production in Songo Songo. The onetime lucrative seaweed farming activity in Songo Songo Island of Tanzania has been reduced to almost standstill.

Marilyn Porter

Papers

A Labour of Love: Women, Work and Caring

"She Was Skipper of the Shore-Crew:" Notes on the History of the Sexual Division of Labour in Newfoundland

Feminists doing development : a practical critique

Promoting Gender Equity and Equality Through the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines: Experiences from Multiple Case Studies

Impact of environmental changes on farmed seaweed and farmers: the case of Songo Songo Island, Tanzania