BODIPY dyes and their derivatives: syntheses and spectroscopic properties.

The biaryl structural motif is a predominant feature in many pharmaceutically relevant and biologically active compounds. As a result, for over a century 1 organic chemists have sought to develop new and more efficient aryl -aryl bond-forming methods. Although there exist a variety of routes for the construction of aryl -aryl bonds, arguably the most common method is through the use of transition-metalmediated reactions. 2-4 While earlier reports focused on the use of stoichiometric quantities of a transition metal to carry out the desired transformation, modern methods of transitionmetal-catalyzed aryl -aryl coupling have focused on the development of high-yielding reactions achieved with excellent selectivity and high functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. Typically, these reactions involve either the coupling of an aryl halide or pseudohalide with an organometallic reagent (Scheme 1), or the homocoupling of two aryl halides or two organometallic reagents. Although a number of improvements have developed the former process into an industrially very useful and attractive method for the construction of aryl -aryl bonds, the need still exists for more efficient routes whereby the same outcome is accomplished, but with reduced waste and in fewer steps. In particular, the obligation to use coupling partners that are both activated is wasteful since it necessitates the installation and then subsequent disposal of stoichiometric activating agents. Furthermore, preparation of preactivated aryl substrates often requires several steps, which in itself can be a time-consuming and economically inefficient process.

http://aether.cmi.ua.ac.be/artikels/Artikels%20Gitte/Artikels/Reviews/Heck-Type-lautens.pdf

Aryl-aryl bond formation by transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation.

Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds. Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in biological systems and underlies the formation of a wide variety of complex biological structures. Understanding self-assembly and the associated noncovalent interactions that connect complementary interacting molecular surfaces in biological aggregates is a central concern in structural biochemistry. Self-assembly is also emerging as a new strategy in chemical synthesis, with the potential of generating nonbiological structures with dimensions of 1 to 10(2) nanometers (with molecular weights of 10(4) to 10(10) daltons). Structures in the upper part of this range of sizes are presently inaccessible through chemical synthesis, and the ability to prepare them would open a route to structures comparable in size (and perhaps complementary in function) to those that can be prepared by microlithography and other techniques of microfabrication.

Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: A chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures

The area of transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation through cleavage of CH bonds has undergone rapid development in recent years, and is becoming an increasingly viable alternative to traditional cross-coupling reactions with organometallic reagents In particular, palladium and ruthenium catalysts have been described that enable the direct arylation of (hetero)arenes with challenging coupling partners—including electrophilic aryl chlorides and tosylates as well as simple arenes in cross-dehydrogenative arylations Furthermore, less expensive copper, iron, and nickel complexes were recently shown to be effective for economically attractive direct arylations

Transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation of (hetero)arenes by C-H bond cleavage.

About Dendrimers: Structure, Physical Properties, and Applications

Intrathecal administration of opioids is a very efficient tool in the long-term control of intractable nonmalignant pain However, despite the well known role of opioids in endocrine regulation, few data are available about possible effects on hypothalamic-pituitary function during this treatment Seventy-three patients (29 men and 44 women; mean age, 492 ± 117 yr) receiving opioids intrathecally for nonmalignant pain were enrolled for extensive endocrine investigation At the time of hormonal determination, the mean duration of opioid treatment was 266 ± 163 months; the mean daily dose of morphine was 48 ± 32 mg The control group consisted of 20 patients (11 men and 9 women; mean age, 542 ± 140 yr) with a comparable pain syndrome but not treated with opioids Decreased libido or impotency was present in 23 of 24 men receiving opioids The serum testosterone level was below 9 nmol/L in 25 of 29 men and was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0001) The free androgen index was

/pdf/endocrine-consequences-of-long-term-intrathecal-3szgja29i7.pdf

Endocrine consequences of long-term intrathecal administration of opioids.

Innovative catalyst design holds the key to fundamental advances in the transformation of cellulose to chemicals and transportation fuels, both of which are vital to meet the challenge of increasing energy costs and the finite nature of fossil fuel reserves. Here we report on the functionalization, characterization and successful application of sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole)s for the direct catalytic conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid. The use of water-soluble hyperbranched polymers in combination with ultrafiltration is conceptually novel and opens new horizons in the aqueous-phase processing of cellulose substrates with various degrees of crystallinity. Compared to most conventional types of acid catalysts, these highly acidic polymers demonstrate superior catalytic performance in terms of both activity and selectivity. Additionally, this molecular approach can be successfully transferred to the acid-catalyzed degradation of other abundant biomass resources, including starch, inulin and xylan.

Catalytic production of levulinic acid from cellulose and other biomass-derived carbohydrates with sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole)s

This paper describes the fabrication of surfaces with different wettability, superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic, and pH-responsive properties. We used a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a dendron t...

Self-assembled monolayers of dendron thiols for electrodeposition of gold nanostructures: toward fabrication of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces and pH-responsive surfaces.

Supramolecular Nanofibers by Self‐Organization of Bola‐amphiphiles through a Combination of Hydrogen Bonding and π–π Stacking Interactions

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticlePDF/2015/PY/C4PY01572J

Mario Smet

Papers

Endocrine consequences of long-term intrathecal administration of opioids.

Catalytic production of levulinic acid from cellulose and other biomass-derived carbohydrates with sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole)s

Self-assembled monolayers of dendron thiols for electrodeposition of gold nanostructures: toward fabrication of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces and pH-responsive surfaces.

Supramolecular Nanofibers by Self‐Organization of Bola‐amphiphiles through a Combination of Hydrogen Bonding and π–π Stacking Interactions

PLA architectures: the role of branching