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Solar Engineering Of Thermal Processes

Opportunities and challenges in sustainable treatment and resource reuse of sewage sludge: A review

A Critical Review on Additives to Reduce Ash Related Operation Problems in Biomass Combustion Applications

A distributed activation energy model for the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass

The reduction of imported forms of energy, and the conservation of the limited supply of fossil fuels, depends up on the utilization of all other available fuel energy sources. Biomass is a renewable energy source and represents a valid alternative to fossil fuels. The abundance of biomass ranks it as the third energy resource after oil and coal. Moreover, when compared to fossil fuels, biomass fuels possess negligible sulphur concentrations, produce less ash, and generate far less emissions in to the air. In other words, biomass can deliver significant greenhouse gas reductions in electricity, heat and transport fuel supply. The energy in biomass may be realized by different thermochemical technologies of which gasification is most promising alternative routes to convert biomass to power/heat generation and production of transportation fuels and chemical feedstock. This paper deals with the state of the art biomass gasification technologies, evaluating advantages and disadvantages, the potential use of the syngas and the application of the biomass gasification. Also, this paper provides short overview of the current status of the biomass gasification in Serbia.

Biomass gasification technology: The state of the art overview

Elevated pressure secures the highest fixed-carbon yields of charcoal from corncob. Operating at a pressure of 0.8 MPa, a flash-carbonization reactor realizes fixed-carbon yields that range from 70 to 85% of the theoretical thermochemical equilibrium value from Waimanalo corncob. The fixed-carbon yield is reduced to a range from 68 to 75% of the theoretical value when whole Waimanalo corncobs are carbonized under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure in an electrically heated muffle furnace. The lowest fixed-carbon yields are obtained by the standard proximate analysis procedure for biomass feedstocks; this yield falls in a range from 49 to 54% of the theoretical value. A round-robin study of corncob charcoal and fixed-carbon yields involving three different thermogravimetric analyzers (TGAs) revealed the impact of vapor-phase reactions on the formation of charcoal. Deep crucibles that limit the egress of volatiles from the pyrolyzing solid greatly enhance charcoal and fixed-carbon yields. Likewise, capped cru...

Is Elevated Pressure Required To Achieve a High Fixed-Carbon Yield of Charcoal from Biomass? Part 1: Round-Robin Results for Three Different Corncob Materials

Two different corncob samples from different continents and climates were studied by thermogravimetry at linear and nonlinear heating programs in inert gas flow. A distributed activation energy model (DAEM) with three and four pools of reactants (pseudocomponents) was used due to the complexity of the biomass samples of agricultural origin. The resulting models described well the experimental data. When the evaluation was based on a smaller number of experiments, similar model parameters were obtained which were suitable for predicting experiments at higher heating rates. This test indicates that the available experimental information was sufficient for the determination of the model parameters. The checks on the prediction capabilities were considered to be an essential part of the model verification. In another test, the experiments of the two samples were evaluated together, assuming more or less common kinetic parameters for both cobs. This test revealed that the reactivity differences between the two...

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Marta Trninić

Papers

Biomass gasification technology: The state of the art overview

Is Elevated Pressure Required To Achieve a High Fixed-Carbon Yield of Charcoal from Biomass? Part 1: Round-Robin Results for Three Different Corncob Materials

Kinetics of Corncob Pyrolysis

A mathematical model of biomass downdraft gasification with an integrated pyrolysis model

A steady state model of agricultural waste pyrolysis: A mini review