Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs

Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World.

Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World

This book is the classic source of empirical information on the patterns of occupational achievement in American society. Based on an unusually comprehensive set of data, it is renowned for its pioneering methods of statistical analysis as well as for its far-reaching conclusions about social stratification and occupational mobility in the United States. The American Occupational Structure received the Sorokin Award of the American Sociological Association in recognition of its significant contribution to the social sciences.

The American Occupational Structure

As the useful energy is generally not used at the place where the primary energy is produced, it is evident that means of transport are necessary and that these become more important the greater the quantities of energy produced or consumed become. Methods of storage are necessary in addition partly because the consumption is not distributed in time in the same way as the production and partly because of the sometimes continuous, sometimes discontinuous, character of the means of transport.

Transport and storage

This article explores how far the concepts of de-familialisation/familialisation are adequate to the classification of long-term care (LTC) policies for older people. In the theoretical debate over LTC policies, de-familialising and familialising policies are often treated as opposites. We propose re-conceptualising the relation between de-familialisation and familialisation, arguing that they represent substantially different types of policy that, in theory, can vary relatively autonomously. In order to evaluate this theoretical assumption, this article investigates the relation between the generosity level of LTC policies on extra-familial care, and the generosity level of LTC policies on paid family care, introducing a new multi-dimensional approach to measuring the generosity of LTC policy for older persons. It also explores the consequences of this for gender equality. The empirical study is based on a cross-national comparison of LTC policies in five European welfare states which show significant differences in their welfare state tradition. Data used are from document analysis of care policy law, the Mutual Information System on Social Protection, the European Quality of Life Survey and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The findings support the argument that de-familialising and familialising LTC policies can vary relatively independently of each other in theory. It turns out that we get a better understanding of the relationship between LTC policy and gender equality if we analyse the role of different combinations of extra-familial and familial LTC policies for gender equality. The paper brings new insights into the ways welfare states act in regard to their LTC policies. It helps to clarify how the concept of de-familialisation/familialisation can be understood, and what this means for the relationship between LTC policies and gender equality.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0144686X18001435

Re-conceptualising the relationship between de-familialisation and familialisation and the implications for gender equality – the case of long-term care policies for older people

The sphere of early childhood education care (ECEC) in the
Czech Republic has diversified enormously in the last decade.
The article describes this diversification process and, drawing
on focus group data, it analyses parents’ choices within this
diversified realm. Based on their selection criteria
(importantly structured by constraints and opportunities
related to social background or family status), it identifies 4
parental groups: pedagogical approach-centered, child-centered,
facility-centered and (constrained) non-selective. These issues
of ECEC diversification and parental choice are then discussed
in the light of Annette Lareau’s classed cultural logics of
child rearing and linked to potential implications for the
reproduction and reinforcement of social inequalities.

/pdf/choosing-the-right-kindergarten-parents-reasoning-about-4ufwkx3gbq.pdf

Choosing the right kindergarten: Parents’ reasoning about their ECEC choices in the context of the diversification of ECEC programs

The book describes and discusses two central care norms, how
they are institutionalized in related policy areas and how they
potentially structure the lives of women in the Czech Republic
and Brno in general and their labour market chances in
particular: the norm of personal full-time care for children
under the age of 3 by their mother and the norm of enabling
frail elderly family members to stay in their home environment
as long as possible. Though these two care norms are related to
very different life situations, they have a common denominator.
That is, they bring about the need for (informal) care work,
which is predominantly ascribed to and done by women, as
mothers, grandmothers, and daughters. The presented research
was conducted as part of the EU financed project “Impact of
local welfare systems on female labour force participation and
social cohesion” (FLOWS).

Mothers – Grandmothers – Daughters? : Reconciling Labour Market Integration with Care Responsibilities in Brno

This article compares the post-1989 development of work-family policies aimed at mothers of young children in two Visegrad countries, the Czech Republic and Hungary. The comparison draws on the conceptual framework of ‘maternalism’ and expands it by focusing on the similarities and differences between two welfare states which provide generous public support to the maternal care of young children; it also incorporates an analysis of policy and political documents. The paper argues that in the Czech Republic, public support is given exclusively to the maternal care of children under the age of three, while the Hungarian system offers basic public support to day care services as well. The discursive analysis has revealed the same pattern: Czech documents focus entirely on maternal care, though mothers are subsumed under the ‘family’, while Hungarian texts contain a wider range of discourses about childcare.

/pdf/public-maternalism-in-the-czech-republic-and-hungary-12wm8yztfj.pdf

Public maternalism in the Czech Republic and Hungary

This chapter concentrates on the provision of childcare services in three cities in post-state socialist countries: Brno (Czech Republic), Tartu (Estonia) and Szekesfehervar (Hungary). Based on local policy documents and interviews with relevant policymakers the chapter will analyze childcare policies in different discursive contexts and evaluate these results from the point of view of their potential to support women’s labour market participation, and promote gender equality. It will demonstrate how the policy goals and actual service provision addressed to children below 3 years of age differ substantially in these cities.

Childcare Systems in Post State-Socialist Countries: Comparative Cases from Brno, Szekesfehervar and Tartu

This article focuses on different rationalities of governing children in the context of different ECEC facilities, how the rationalities potentially influence the ways children are cared for and ed...

Martina Kampichler

Papers

Choosing the right kindergarten: Parents’ reasoning about their ECEC choices in the context of the diversification of ECEC programs

Mothers – Grandmothers – Daughters? : Reconciling Labour Market Integration with Care Responsibilities in Brno

Public maternalism in the Czech Republic and Hungary

Childcare Systems in Post State-Socialist Countries: Comparative Cases from Brno, Szekesfehervar and Tartu

Parallel worlds? Parental rationalities of governing children in the context of the diversifying Czech pre-school system