The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

Nanomaterials, such as metal or semiconductor nanoparticles and nanorods, exhibit similar dimensions to those of biomolecules, such as proteins (enzymes, antigens, antibodies) or DNA. The integration of nanoparticles, which exhibit unique electronic, photonic, and catalytic properties, with biomaterials, which display unique recognition, catalytic, and inhibition properties, yields novel hybrid nanobiomaterials of synergetic properties and functions. This review describes recent advances in the synthesis of biomolecule-nanoparticle/nanorod hybrid systems and the application of such assemblies in the generation of 2D and 3D ordered structures in solutions and on surfaces. Particular emphasis is directed to the use of biomolecule-nanoparticle (metallic or semiconductive) assemblies for bioanalytical applications and for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices.

Integrated Nanoparticle–Biomolecule Hybrid Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

We review the field of femtosecond pulse shaping, in which Fourier synthesis methods are used to generate nearly arbitrarily shaped ultrafast optical wave forms according to user specification. An emphasis is placed on programmable pulse shaping methods based on the use of spatial light modulators. After outlining the fundamental principles of pulse shaping, we then present a detailed discussion of pulse shaping using several different types of spatial light modulators. Finally, new research directions in pulse shaping, and applications of pulse shaping to optical communications, biomedical optical imaging, high power laser amplifiers, quantum control, and laser-electron beam interactions are reviewed.

Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators

A progress report is presented on a selection of scientific, technological and commercial advances in the biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles since 2003. Particular attention is paid to (i) magnetic actuation for in vitro non-viral transfection and tissue engineering and in vivo drug delivery and gene therapy, (ii) recent clinical results for magnetic hyperthermia treatments of brain and prostate cancer via direct injection, and continuing efforts to develop new agents suitable for targeted hyperthermia following intravenous injection and (iii) developments in medical sensing technologies involving a new generation of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, and the invention of magnetic particle imaging as a new modality. Ongoing prospects are also discussed.

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Progress in applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine

CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS Introduction Physical Properties Optical Properties Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Magnetooptic Properties Electrooptic Properties Elastooptic Properties Nonlinear Optical Properties GLASSES Introduction Commercial Optical Glasses Specialty Optical Glasses Fused Silica Fluoride Glasses Chalcogenide Glasses Magnetooptic Properties Electrooptic Properties Elastooptic Properties Nonlinear Optical Properties Special Glasses POLYMERIC MATERIALS Optical Plastics Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Thermal Properties Engineering Data METALS Physical Properties of Selected Metals Optical Properties Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Mirror Substrate Materials LIQUIDS Introduction Water Physical Properties of Selected Liquids Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Magnetooptic Properties Commercial Optical Liquids GASES Introduction Physical Properties of Selected Gases Index of Refraction Nonlinear Optical Properties Magnetooptic Properties Atomic Resonance Filters APPENDICES Safe Handling of Optical Materials Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Mineralogical or Common Names for Optical Materials Abbreviations for Methods of Preparing Optical Materials and Thin Films Fundamental Physical Constants Units and Conversion Factors

/pdf/handbook-of-optical-materials-3e2ukwmx2l.pdf

Handbook of Optical Materials

Suitability of commercial colloids for magnetic hyperthermia

Two types of one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of magnetic and dielectric materials (magnetophotonic crystals) driven, respectively, by Kerr (reflection) and Faraday (transmission) modes were constructed. Their optical and magneto-optical (MO) properties were studied in detail to confirm our theoretical results showing the large Kerr and Faraday effects of the media originating in the localization of light. For the Kerr-mode operation, films with (SiO2/SiN)×k/Co/(SiN/SiO2)×k (k: number of layers) structures were fabricated, while for the Faraday-mode operation, films with (SiO2/Ta2O5)×k/Bi:DyIG/(Ta2O5/SiO2)×k structures were formed. Excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was obtained, where large enhancement in both Kerr and Faraday rotations appeared originating in the localization of light in the vicinity of the magnetic layers. Since the localized state of light can be controlled artificially, the one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals will impact for various MO...

One-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals

The magneto-optical (MO) Faraday effect of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PCs) composed of Bi-substituted yttrium–iron–garnet films and dielectric films such as SiO2 and TiO2 films were studied theoretically. Because of considerable localization of light, these media exhibit a very large MO effect. For instance, when the film structure is chosen to be appropriate for supporting the localization of light, the 1D-PC films can possess a huge Faraday rotation angle reaching to −28 deg/μm at λ=1.15 μm. The analysis reveals that the MO characteristics of the 1D-PC films are almost governed by the degree of localization of light, which can be controlled by varying the number of reflection layers in the films.

Magneto-optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of magnetic and dielectric layers

This paper describes the principle and performance of a new technique which facilitates the formation of crystalline spinel film at low temperature (T<80 °C) without a heat treatment. For a substrate, not only a metal but also oxides and organic compounds can be used. Various transition metals (M=Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, etc.) are incorporated into the spinel. Hydrolyzed metal ions FeOH+ and MOH(n−1)+ in an aqueous solution (pH=6∼11,T=40∼80 °C) are adsorbed on a substrate surface which react into spinel film associated with anodic or air oxidation of the FeOH+ ion. We have plated Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 films on a substrate of Cu, polyethylene terephthalate, and stainless steel. They are polycrystalline with no preferred orientation, and exhibit no magnetic anisotropy. The polar Kerr rotation of these films has been measured.

Ferrite plating in aqueous solution: New technique for preparing magnetic thin film

Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are important components in biorecognition and medical diagnostics. Here, we present a review of our contribution to this interdisciplinary research field. We start by describing a simple one-step process for the synthesis of highly uniform ferrite nanoparticles (d = 20-200 nm) and their functionalization with amino acids via carboxyl groups. For real-world applications, we used admicellar polymerization to produce 200 nm diameter 'FG beads', consisting of several 40 nm diameter ferrite nanoparticles encapsulated in a co-polymer of styrene and glycidyl methacrylate for high throughput molecular screening. The highly dispersive FG beads were functionalized with an ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether spacer and used for affinity purification of methotrexate-an anti-cancer agent. We synthesized sub-100 nm diameter magnetic nanocapsules by exploiting the self-assembly of viral capsid protein pentamers, where single 8, 20, and 27 nm nanoparticles were encapsulated with VP1 pentamers for applications including MRI contrast agents. The FG beads are now commercially available for use in fully automated bio-screening systems. We also incorporated europium complexes inside a polymer matrix to produce 140 nm diameter fluorescent-ferrite beads (FF beads), which emit at 618 nm. These FF beads were used for immunofluorescent staining for diagnosis of cancer metastases to lymph nodes during cancer resection surgery by labeling tumor cell epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), and for the detection of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)-a hormone secreted in excess amounts by the heart when stressed-to a level of 2.0 pg ml(-1). We also describe our work on Hall biosensors made using InSb and GaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs 2DEG heterostructures integrated with gold current strips to reduce measurement times. Our approach for the detection of sub-200 nm magnetic bead is also described: we exploit the magnetically induced capture of micrometer sized 'probe beads' by nanometer sized 'target beads', enabling the detection of small concentrations of beads as small as 8 nm in 'pumpless' microcapillary systems. Finally, we describe a 'label-less homogeneous' procedure referred to as 'magneto-optical transmission (MT) sensing', where the optical transmission of a solution containing rotating linear chains of magnetic nanobeads was used to detect biomolecules with pM-level sensitivity with a dynamic range of more than four orders of magnitude. Our research on the synthesis and applications of nanoparticles is particularly suitable for point of care diagnostics.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/21/44/442001/pdf

Masanori Abe

Papers

Suitability of commercial colloids for magnetic hyperthermia

One-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals

Magneto-optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of magnetic and dielectric layers

Ferrite plating in aqueous solution: New technique for preparing magnetic thin film

Synthesis and applications of magnetic nanoparticles for biorecognition and point of care medical diagnostics