This book describes the present state of knowledge regarding the impact of cyanobacteria on health through the use of water. It considers aspects of risk management and details the information needed for protecting drinking water sources and recreational water bodies from the health hazards caused by cyanobacteria and their toxins. It also outlines the state of knowledge regarding the principal considerations in the design of programmes and studies for monitoring water resources and supplies and describes the approaches and procedures used.
The development of this publication was guided by the recommendations of several expert meetings concerning drinking water (Geneva, December 1995; Bad Elster, June
1996) and recreational water (Bad Elster, June 1996; St Helier, May 1997). An expert meeting in Bad Elster, April 1997, critically reviewed the literature concerning the toxicity of cyanotoxins and developed the scope and content of this book. A draft manuscript was reviewed at an editorial meeting in November 1997, and a further draft was
reviewed by the working group responsible for updating the Guidelines for Drinkingwater Quality in March 1998.

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Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management.

A tool changer is disclosed for automatically removing a working tool after having been used from the spindle of a machine tool such as a vertical milling machine, transferring the used working tool to a rack which stores a plurality of working tools, picking up from the rack another working tool for the next machining operation, transferring such new working tool to the spindle, and operatively mounting such new working tool on the spindle.

Temperature and Organism Size—A Biological Law for Ectotherms?

The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

▪ Abstract Lentic freshwater habitats in temperate regions exist along a gradient from small ephemeral ponds to large permanent lakes. This environmental continuum is a useful axis for understanding how attributes of individuals ultimately generate structure at the level of the community. Community structure across the gradient is determined by both (a) physical factors, such as pond drying and winter anoxia, that limit the potential breadth of species distributions, and (b) biotic effects mediated by ecological interactions, principally predation, that determine the realized success of species. Fitness tradeoffs associated with a few critical traits of individuals often form the basis for species turnover along the gradient. Among species that inhabit temporary ponds, distributions are often constrained because traits that enhance developmental rate and competitive ability also increase susceptibility to predators. In permanent ponds, changes in the composition of major predators over the gradient limit ...

/pdf/mechanisms-creating-community-structure-across-a-freshwater-3osigazq5u.pdf

Mechanisms creating community structure across a freshwater habitat gradient

(2002). The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms. Reviews in Fisheries Science: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 113-390.

The Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Aquatic Organisms

A zooplankton community was established in outdoor experimental ponds, into which a vertebrate predator (topmouth gudgeon: Pseudorasbora parva) and/or an invertebrate predator (phantom midge larva: Chaoborus flavicans) were introduced and their predation effects on the zooplankton community structure were evaluated. In the ponds which had Chaoborus but not fish, small- and medium-sized cladocerans and calanoid copepods were eliminated while rotifers became abundant. A large-sized cladoceran Daphnia longispina, whose juveniles had high helmets and long tailspines as anti-predator devices, escaped from Chaoborus predation and increased. In the ponds which had fish but not Chaoborus, the large-sized Daphnia was selectively predated by the fish while small-and medium-sized cladocerans and calanoid copepods predominated. In the ponds containing both Chaoborus and fish, the fish reduced the late instar larvae (III and IV) of Chaoborus but increased the early instar larvae (I and II). Small- and large-sized cladocerans were scarcely found. The former might have been eliminated by predation of the early instar larvae of Chaoborus, while the latter was probably predated by fish. Consequently, the medium-sized cladocerans, which may have succeeded in escaping from both types of predator, appeared abundantly. The results suggest that various combinations of vertebrate and invertebrate predators are able to drive various kinds of zooplankton community structure.

Zooplankton community structure driven by vertebrate and invertebrate predators.

Etude des variations saisonnieres de l'activite photosynthetique dans l'eau (plancton) et le sediment

Overwintering of Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. in a shallow lake

A Zooplankton community was established in out-door concrete ponds to which an insecticide, carbaryl (05 mg/L final concentration), was applied at different times relative to the population trend The chemical application markedly reduced the cladoceran and copepod populations, but not rotifer population After the treatments,Bosmina fatalis recovered earlier thanDaphnia spp and was predominant until recovery of theDaphnia The reappearance ofDaphnia was gradually delayed when the treatment was carried out at later times Thus, the treatment induced the predominance ofBosmina, and the period whenBosmina predominated was extended when the carbaryl applications were delayed The recovery ofDaphnia was probably retarded by the decline in water temperature, which decreased steadily during most of the experimental period When carbaryl was applied during the increasing phase of theKeratella valga population, the population increased still further in density When the population was exposed to the chemical during its decreasing phase, it did not recover even when competitors disappeared Thus, applications of the insecticide at different times induced different recovery patterns of the Zooplankton community in the ponds

Influence of time of application of an insecticide on recovery patterns of a zooplankton community in experimental ponds.

Effects of a carbamate insecticide, carbaryl, on the summer phyto- and zooplankton communities in ponds.

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate Microcystis as food for zooplankton in Lake Kasumigaura, and the following results were obtained. (1) Moina micrura (Cladocera) showed little growth and no reproduction when the animal was reared with Microcystis cultured in the laboratory. The animal did not grow nor reproduce well when Chlorella was mixed with Microcystis as food. (2) Moina micrura assimilated Microcystis much less than Chlorella when the animal fed on single species of Microcystis or a mixture with Chlorella. (3) Microcystis collected from Lake Kasumigaura could not be utilized by Moina micrura even though the colonies were broken up into edible sizes. However, the alga turned into utilizable food when it was decomposed. (4) No inhibitors of Moina micrura population growth could be found in the non-filtered water of Lake Kasumigaura where Microcystis was blooming heavily. Decomposed Microcystis seemed to be utilized by zooplankton as an important food source in Lake Kasumigaura.

Masayuki Yasuno

Papers

Zooplankton community structure driven by vertebrate and invertebrate predators.

Overwintering of Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. in a shallow lake

Influence of time of application of an insecticide on recovery patterns of a zooplankton community in experimental ponds.

Effects of a carbamate insecticide, carbaryl, on the summer phyto- and zooplankton communities in ponds.

Evaluation of Microcystis as food for zooplankton in a eutrophic lake