Showing papers by "Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa published in 2022"

Nanotechnology in veterinary medicine: a review

Abstract: The purpose of this review was to address the applicability of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine, with an emphasis on research in Brazil from 2013 to 2020. Firstly, we introduced to the general aspects of applicability of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine, and lately we pointed the research involving nanoscience performed in Brazil, in the studied period. Nanotechnology is the field of science that has the capacity to organize matter in nanoscale structures (1 to 100 nm), enabling innovations in different areas including biotechnology, agriculture, disease diagnosis, food and clothing industry, electronics, and pharmacological therapies. In veterinary medicine, several studies are being carried out in the world, mainly in the areas that involve search of new treatment options and the development of immunotherapy, as well as in the diagnosis of diseases. In Brazil, it is clear that the use of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine is still incipient, but it can be considered a growing area. In addition, several points have to be reflected and researched, including some adverse effects and implications to validate the safe use of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine. Therefore, this review highlighted the nanotechnology as a promise alternative in the current context of Brazilian technological innovation involving animal health, as well as a possible diagnostic tool and highlighting its potential therapeutic use in disease control in veterinary medicine. Regarding future perspectives, we believed that greater investment in science and technology could contribute to the advancement and strengthening of nanotechnology in Brazil.

Distinguishing the milk microbiota of healthy goats and goats diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, clinical mastitis, and gangrenous mastitis

Abstract: Mastitis, mainly caused by bacterial intramammary infections, is the main problem in the breeding of dairy animals. The inflammations of the mammary gland is separated by types of mastitis, being subclinical, clinical, and the most severe, gangrenous mastitis. Here, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the bacterial microbiota of goat milk in the different types of goat mastitis caused by bacteria. We used 72 goat milk samples from a region of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, of which 12 were from clinically healthy animals, 42 from animals diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, 16 from animals with clinical mastitis, and 2 from animals with gangrenous mastitis. The group related to gangrenous mastitis was the most divergent in terms of alpha and beta diversity. The most abundant genus among samples of the groups was Staphylococcus spp., and we found a high abundance of Mycoplasma sp. in the milk of animals diagnosed with clinical mastitis. The most statistically relevant microorganisms among the groups were Prevotella sp., Ruminococcaceae, Prevotella ruminicola sp., and Providencia sp. We highlight a new association of bacterial agents in gangrenous mastitis among Escherichia sp./Shigella sp. and Enterococcus sp. and provide the second report of the genus Alkalibacterium sp., in milk samples. Only the taxa Staphylococcus sp., Bacteroides sp., Enterococcus, and Brevidabacterium sp., were present in all groups. The superpathway of L-tryptophan biosynthesis metabolites and the sucrose degradation III (sucrose invertase) pathway were the most prominent ones among the groups. In this study, we demonstrate how a rich microbiota of goat milk from healthy animals can be altered during the aggravation of different types of mastitis, in addition to demonstrating new bacterial genera in milk not previously detected in other studies as well as new associations between agents.

Activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles against isolates of Prototheca species from bovine mastitis

Abstract: Prototheca spp. cause numerous infections in a wide variety of species, including treatment‐unresponsive mastitis. Thus, the search for an effective therapy is essential. Silver nanoparticles are compounds with high therapeutic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility profile and morphological changes in Prototheca spp. treated with biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio‐AgNP). The algaecide activity was evaluated in microplates by microdilution method, resulting in a MIC50 of 30 μg ml−1 and a MIC90 of 60 μg ml−1. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated changes in the surface of Prototheca bovis cells following treatment. The algaecide activity of Bio‐AgNP suggests a therapeutic potential as a novel approach for the control of Prototheca spp. in bovine mastitis.

Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Green Gold Nanoparticles and Tannin-Based Derivatives

Abstract: The development of composites with antibacterial activity represents an important strategy to avoid side effects such as increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In particular, the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles avoids the use of hazardous chemical compounds and introduces the intrinsic beneficial properties of plant-derived compounds. Herein, the reduction of gold salt into metal nanoparticles was provided by the action of a cationic polymer derived from tannin (Tanfloc®). Comparative activity of antibacterial agents (pure Tanfloc and Au NPs—Tanfloc) at different concentrations were evaluated in terms of the antibiofilm activity, kill-time assays and inhibition haloes confirming the antibacterial activity of the Tanfloc that is reinforced by the incorporation of reduced gold nanoparticles, resulting in the complete elimination of S. aureus from an initial concentration of 108 CFU/mL after 120 min of reaction of Au NPs + Tanfloc solution in association with strong inhibition of the biofilm formation attributed to the Tanfloc.

Multiplex PCR assay for correct identification of the fish pathogenic species of Edwardsiella genus reveals the presence of E. anguillarum in South America in strains previously characterized as E. tarda

Abstract: Develop a species‐specific multiplex PCR to correctly identify Edwardsiella species in routine diagnostic for fish bacterial diseases.

Toxicidade do extrato vegetal, óleo essencial e hidrolato das plantas Zingiber officinale Roscoe e Allium sativum L. / Toxicity of plant extract, essential oil and hydrolate of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Allium sativum L. Plants

Abstract: O uso de plantas para fins terapêuticos ocorre desde os tempos remotos e configura um legado importante para o âmbito da ciência. As propriedades ativas nas plantas são seguras e eficientes, quando utilizadas devidamente. A utilização fitoterápica do rizoma de Zingiber officinale Roscoe e do bulbo do Allium sativum L. vem sendo estudada nas formas de extrato vegetal e óleo essencial, principalmente como produto antimicrobiano. Para compreender suas propriedades é necessário averiguar a toxicidade desses produtos naturais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade do rizoma e do bulbo das plantas em referência através de ensaio de letalidade com o microcrustáceo Artemia salina e da atividade hemolítica em sangue ovino. O material vegetal nas concentrações finais de 0, 100, 300, 600, 1000 e 2000 µg/mL foi colocado em placas de microdiluição com 10 náuplios em cada poço, incubados por 24 e 48 h. Decorrido esse período de contato os sobreviventes foram contados. Para o ensaio de hemólise, o sangue ovino foi acrescido das concentrações de 500, 250, 100, 50, 25 e 10 μg/mL do material vegetal. A toxicidade do Z. officinale Roscoe foi maior que o A. sativum L. nos dois ensaios, observando que o extrato vegetal de ambas as plantas possui maior toxicidade que o óleo essencial e o hidrolato, respectivamente. Os testes toxicológicos pré-clínicos são importantes para avaliar as possíveis consequências que uma substância pode causar e permitem uma construção cientifica para subsequente escalonamento em seres humanos.

Bovine brucellosis seroprevalence and flow network analysis in slaughterhouses in the state of Ceará

Abstract: Abstract The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in slaughterhouses in the state of Ceará using spatial distribution and flow network analysis. Four slaughterhouses were sampled in Ceará: two under municipal inspection and two under state inspection. Blood samples were randomly collected from bovine animals, resulting in a total of 964 samples. The collected sera were subjected to the Acidified Buffered Antigen (AAT) test, and the complement fixation test (FC) was performed for positive cases. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to 38 producers who slaughter animals at the sampled facilities to assess the risk factors for brucellosis. An apparent prevalence of 1.55% (15) was found in the AAT test and 0.2% (n=2) in the FC test. A higher percentage of reactive animals was observed (66.6%) in properties where cattle farming is not the main activity, with OR = 4.75. The absence of contact with neighboring animals is a factor associated with protection, with a lower prevalence of seroreactive animals (23.5%) when animals were raised without contact with others (OR = 0.30). Therefore, bovine brucellosis in herds and animals can be considered low in the studied region and under all production systems. Nevertheless, despite the importance of this disease to the economic and public health aspects and the advances of the PNCEBT Program, brucellosis is still circulating in Ceará.

Biosecurity in dairy goat farms

Abstract: ABSTRACT: The goat milk industry has unquestionably grown in recent years due to the high demand for dairy products, which are considered nutritious and hypoallergenic. As a result, security measures are required in the production chain to provide consumers with safe products, although the concept of biosecurity is still incipient in Brazilian goat farming. Therefore, this study aimed to review the main biosecurity measures applied to dairy goat farms and suggest a program that contemplates these measures to promote animal health and welfare, given that biosecurity bolsters environmental sustainability and improves this agricultural sector. Biosecurity programs (BP) are composed of a set of measures and procedures aimed at herd health and applied in all stages of animal husbandry, interacting with different sectors that make up the production system and providing a set of policies and operational norms to protect herds against potentially pathogenic agents. Thus, BP require planning, execution, monitoring, audits, updates, understanding of the procedures, and awareness of those involved in the production chain. In addition, it includes continuing education programs and the development of contingency plans for specific emergencies. The information included in this study provides input to dairy goat farms to implement practices that improve the productivity of this agricultural sector.

Pan-genomic analysis of Corynebacterium amycolatum gives insights into molecular mechanisms underpinning the transition to a pathogenic phenotype

Abstract: Corynebacterium amycolatum is a nonlipophilic coryneform which is increasingly being recognized as a relevant human and animal pathogen showing multidrug resistance to commonly used antibiotics. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in transition from colonization to the MDR invasive phenotype in clinical isolates. In this study, we performed a comprehensive pan-genomic analysis of C. amycolatum, including 26 isolates from different countries. We obtained the novel genome sequences of 8 of them, which are multidrug resistant clinical isolates from Spain and Tunisia. They were analyzed together with other 18 complete or draft C. amycolatum genomes retrieved from GenBank. The species C. amycolatum presented an open pan-genome (α = 0.854905), with 3,280 gene families, being 1,690 (51.52%) in the core genome, 1,121 related to accessory genes (34.17%), and 469 related to unique genes (14.29%). Although some classic corynebacterial virulence factors are absent in the species C. amycolatum, we did identify genes associated with immune evasion, toxin, and antiphagocytosis among the predicted putative virulence factors. Additionally, we found genomic evidence for extensive acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes through genomic islands.

Genome Report of Emergent Fish Pathogen Edwardsiella piscicida Recovered from Pseudoplatystoma corruscans in Brazil

Abstract: Edwardsiella piscicida is a Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Hafniaceae family which affects several species of marine and freshwater fish. We present the complete genome of E. piscicida strain BEP80 recovered from the Brazilian catfish named Surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans), consisting a chromosome of 3,883,256 bp and no plasmids. ABSTRACT Edwardsiella piscicida is a Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Hafniaceae family which affects several species of marine and freshwater fish. We present the complete genome of E. piscicida strain BEP80 recovered from the Brazilian catfish named Surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans), consisting a chromosome of 3,883,256 bp and no plasmids.