Showing papers by "Matthew H. England published in 1993"
TL;DR: A hierarchy of coarse-resolution World Ocean experiments were integrated with a view to determining the most appropriate representation of the global-scale water masses in ocean general circulation models as mentioned in this paper, and the largest-scale response of the simulated ocean to the prescribed forcing in each model run is described.
Abstract: A hierarchy of coarse-resolution World Ocean experiments were integrated with a view to determining the most appropriate representation of the global-scale water masses in ocean general circulation models. The largest-scale response of the simulated ocean to the prescribed forcing in each model run is described. The World Ocean model eventually has a realistic approximation of continental outlines and bottom bathymetry. The model forcing at the sea surface is derived from climatological fields of temperature, salinity, and wind stress. The first experiment begins with a quite unrealistic and idealized World Ocean. Subsequent experiments then employ more realistic surface boundary conditions, model geometry, and internal physical processes. In all, 16 changes to the model configuration are investigated. A fundamental dynamical constraint in the Drake Passage gap appears to limit the outflow rate of bottom water in the Antarctic region. This constraint acts to decouple the extreme Antarctic waters ...
167 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a coarse-resolution ocean general circulation model was proposed to capture the low-salinity tongue of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the South Pacific Ocean off southern Chile.
Abstract: Realistic representation of the low-salinity tongue of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) has been achieved in a coarse-resolution ocean general circulation model. The authors find that this water mass is not generated by direct subduction of surface water near the polar front. Instead, the renewal process is concentrated in the southeast Pacific Ocean off southern Chile. The outflow of the East Australian Current progressively cools (by heat loss to the atmosphere) and freshens (by assimilation of polar water, carried north by the surface Ekman drift) during its slow movement across the South Pacific toward the AAIW formation zone. Further, deep, warm advection near Chile enables more convective overturn, resulting in very deep mixed layers from which AAIW is fed into the South Pacific and also into the Malvinas Current. Along with this isolated region of AAIW renewal, the model relies on alongisopycnal mixing of fresh surface water from the polar front to capture a realistic circumpolar tongue...
88 citations