The controversy related to the environment pollution is increasing in human life and in the eco-system. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from the industries. The only way to find the new water resource is the reuse of treated wastewater. Several remediation technologies are available which provides a convenience to reuse the reclaimed wastewater. Heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg, etc. contributes various environmental problems based on their toxicity. These toxic metals are exposed to human and environment, the accumulation of ions takes place which causes serious health and environmental hazards. Hence, it is a major concern in the environment. Due to this concern, the significance of developing technology for removing heavy metals has been increased. This paper contributes the outline of new literature with two objectives. First, it provides the sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent. The treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article. Conclusively, this review paper furnishes the information about the important methods incorporated in lab scale studies which are required to identify the feasible and convenient wastewater treatment. Moreover, attempts have been made to confer the emphasis on sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluent and establish the scientific background for reducing the discharge of heavy metals into the environment.

Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: A review

A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives

Electrodialysis Desalination for Water and Wastewater: A Review

Water pollution is one of the global challenges that society must address in the 21st century aiming to improve water quality and reduce human and ecosystem health impacts. Industrialization, climate change, and expansion of urban areas produce a variety of water pollutants. In this work, we discuss some of the most recent and relevant findings related to the release of heavy metals, the possible risks for the environment and human health, the materials and technologies available for their removal. Anthropogenic activities are identified as the main source of the increasing amounts of heavy metals found in aquatic environments. Some of the health hazards derived from repeated exposure to traces of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, are outlined. We also give some perspectives about several techniques used to detect heavy metals, as well as about the factors that could affect the contaminant removal. The advantages and drawbacks of conventional and non-conventional heavy metal removal methods are critically discussed, given particular attention to those related to adsorption, nanostructured materials and plant-mediated remediation. Some of the commercial products currently used to eliminate heavy metals from water are also listed. Finally, we point out some the requirements and opportunities linked to developing efficient methods for heavy metal removal, such as the ones that exploit nanotechnologies.

Heavy metal water pollution: A fresh look about hazards, novel and conventional remediation methods

The utilization of leaf-based adsorbents for dyes removal: A review

Presence of toxic and recalcitrant heavy metal ions in industrial effluents is a major environmental concern. These fatal metal ions are not only hazardous in exceeding concentrations but due to the property of biomagnification it is urgent to look for the plausible solutions. This review article is an attempt to gather the research findings attempted in yester years for the removal of such metals from aqueous solutions by using waste materials from industries, such as blast furnace sludge, slag and flue dust, fly ash, black liquor lignin, and red mud. Studies have been complied keeping various efficiency influencing parameters such as optimum dose, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, and many more in consideration. This article also tries to summarize the various problems and shortcoming of the work carried so far and attempts to explore the feasible suggestions.

A review on potential usage of industrial waste materials for binding heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions

A facile synthesis of Fe3O4-charcoal composite for the sorption of a hazardous dye from aquatic environment.

The development and characterisation of modified agricultural waste (MAW) by H3PO4 activation is addressed in this study for sequestering pyridine from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent is characterised by carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content of 55.53%, 3.28% and 0.98% respectively. The adsorbent also shows acidic (carboxylic, lactonic, phenolic groups) and basic carbon surface functionalities, functional groups viz. hydroxyl, carboxylic acid and bounded water molecules, BET surface area of 1254.67 m2 g−1, heterogeneous surface morphology and graphite like XRD patterns. Adsorption of pyridine is executed to evaluate the adsorptive uptake in batch (qe = 107.18 mg g−1) as well as in column system (qe = 140.94 mg g−1). The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with the Langmuir isotherm best representing the equilibrium adsorption data. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo = 9.39 kJ mol−1, ΔGo = −5.99 kJ mol−1, ΔSo = 50.76 J K−1 mol−1) confirm the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process with increase in randomness at solid/solution interface. The adsorption mechanism is governed by electrostatic and π–π dispersive interactions as well as by a two stage diffusion phenomena. Thermally regenerated spent MAW exhibited better adsorption efficiency for five adsorption–desorption cycles than chemically regenerated. The low-cost of MAW (USD 10.714 per kg) and favourable adsorption parameters justifies its use in the adsorptive removal of pyridine.

Lignocellulosic-derived modified agricultural waste: Development, characterisation and implementation in sequestering pyridine from aqueous solutions

This study reports the usage of chemically impregnated coconut coir waste (CICCW) as a low-cost adsorbent for the desulfurization of feed diesel. The characterization of the developed adsorbent was focused on quantitative analysis (carbon yield %, proximate, ultimate, carbon surface functionalities, BET surface area and porosity distribution, and particle size analysis), qualitative analysis (FTIR), and optical analysis (SEM). Batch experiments with feed diesel having a total sulfur concentration of 2,050 mg L−1 were conducted to optimize the adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dose, temperature, and contact time. The adsorption process shows an optimum dose of 1 g/20 mL, and the equilibrium is attained in 3 h. The adsorption of sulfur onto the adsorbent at optimum temperature 293 K is regulated by external mass transfer (diffusion into mesopores) followed by a steady adsorption phase with intra-particle diffusion in micropores. A Fickian mechanism controls the diffusion of sulfur molecules from the solution onto the surface of the adsorbent. Freundlich adsorption isotherm illustrates the equilibrium adsorption data very well. The negative value of ΔG° (−27.61 kJ mol−1) and ΔS° (−44.56 J K−1 mol−1) indicates the feasibility, spontaneity of the adsorption process and justified the decrease in the randomness of adsorbed sulfur molecules onto the adsorbent surface, respectively. The exhausted CICCW can be effectively regenerated by methanol and reutilized for three adsorption–desorption cycles. The approximate cost of preparation of the adsorbent was USD 10.714 per kg. These results clearly proved the feasibility of the developed low-cost adsorbent (CICCW) as a good candidate for the desulfurization of feed diesel.

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Adsorptive desulfurization of feed diesel using chemically impregnated coconut coir waste

The present investigation addresses the feasibility study of H3PO4-modified berry leaves (HMBL) towards the abatement of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) from aqueous solutions The adsorbent is characterized by functional groups like hydroxyl, primary amine NH bending, aromatic phosphate (P–O–C stretch) and CH bending of alkyne group; BET surface area of 82498 m2 g−1 and homogenous surface morphology Retention of EBT in batch system was executed to optimize the influencing variables for better adsorptive performance The dye uptake reached equilibrium at 1 h with an optimum adsorbent load of 2 g L−1 under optimum temperature of 303 K Equilibrium adsorption isotherm data were in good agreement (R2 = 0996) to Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity of 13333 mg g−1 at 303 K The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with higher R2 (09999) and lesser Δq% (0439) Thermodynamic investigation revealed the adsorption process to be exothermic (ΔH = −37149 kJmol−1) and spont

Md. Juned K. Ahmed

Papers

A review on potential usage of industrial waste materials for binding heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions

A facile synthesis of Fe3O4-charcoal composite for the sorption of a hazardous dye from aquatic environment.

Lignocellulosic-derived modified agricultural waste: Development, characterisation and implementation in sequestering pyridine from aqueous solutions

Adsorptive desulfurization of feed diesel using chemically impregnated coconut coir waste

Remediation of Eriochrome Black T-contaminated aqueous solutions utilizing H3PO4-modified berry leaves as a non-conventional adsorbent