Adsorptive removal of hazardous organics from water and fuel with functionalized metal-organic frameworks: Contribution of functional groups

Combustion of fossil fuel harmfully effects on environment via releasing of sulphur- and nitrogen-containing contaminants as the hazardous chemicals. Liberation of CO2, NO2 and SO2 as harmful toxic gases within combustion of liquid fuel was 164 000, 448 and 1122 pounds per billion BTU. Therefore, for safe environment and for economic factors related to energy costs, storing of H2, O2, N2, and CH4 gases as preferably applied as alternative fuel, in aaddition to, ultra-filtration of liquid fuel were extensively reported as considerable researching points of study. The most recent applicable materials as highly porous compounds is the porous coordination polymers or more commonly ascribed as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which is mainly constructed from organic ligands (referred to linkers) and metal centers that serve as bridge. MOFs are specially characterized by large surface area and ultrahigh porosity with pore size ranging from the micro- to mesoporous regime, resulting in superior adsorption performance. The current review brightens the vital role of MOF exploitation in safe environment and clean energy. Herein we summarized the most common synthetic techniques for MOFs, functionalized MOFs and MOF containing composites, and the recent researching reports interested in toxic gases capturing, energy storage and ultra-filtration of liquid fuel via adsorption technique.

Adsorptive Performance of MOFs and MOF Containing Composites for Clean Energy and Safe Environment

Investigating algae for CO2 capture and accumulation and simultaneous production of biomass for biodiesel production.

Drug pollution in aqueous environment is posing serious global problem, threating the safety of ecosystems and human health, and hence has attracted wide attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous inorganic-organic hybrid networks synthesized by multi-dentate organic ligands. Due to their large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, adjustable porosity, layered structure and recyclable performance, they are considered as important materials for the adsorption and removal of emerging pollutants (ECs) in wastewater and has been widely studied. However, due to their instability and difficulty in recycling in aqueous media, their application as an adsorbent are limited, and hence further investigation and syntheses of materials to overcome this shortcoming remains an arduous task. With these viewpoints, in presented review, the utility of MOFs to adsorption properties and related mechanism to remove drugs viz. antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotics, organophosphorus pesticides and other drugs from wastewater are presented. Additionally, rational ideas for constructing water stable MOFs with apt functionalization are discussed that can engender targeted MOFs with improved adsorption efficiency of drugs in wastewater. 

Metal Organic Framework as an Efficient Adsorbent for Drugs from Wastewater

Adsorptive removal of pesticides from water with metal–organic framework-based materials

A new composite of the metal-azolate framework (MAF-6) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), named PMA(x)@MAF-6, was prepared. Well-dispersed (size: ∼4 nm) Mo2N, on porous carbon, was prepared without external nitrogen sources firstly via carbonization of the PMA(x)@MAF-6. The prepared catalyst was applied in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) with H2O2 as a greenoxidant and showed remarkable performance. A selected catalyst Mo2N@C-3 had the highest turnover frequency (30 h-1, around 2–3 times of the best catalyst so far) with the lowest activation energy (27.8 kJ·mol−1) in ODS (with H2O2) among any molybdenum-based catalysts. The ODS over Mo2N@C was explained by a non-radical mechanism via active Mo-peroxo species. Moreover, the high activity of the catalyst is partly because of the contribution of nitrogen in Mo2N. The studied catalyst could be easily recycled by solvent washing. Therefore, Mo2N, especially supported on carbon (like Mo2N@C), could be firstly suggested as a promising catalyst in ODS.

Molybdenum nitride@porous carbon, derived from phosphomolybdic acid loaded metal-azolate framework-6: A highly effective catalyst for oxidative desulfurization

A remarkable adsorbent for removal of nitrogenous compounds from fuel: A metal–organic framework functionalized both on metal and ligand

Removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from microalgae derived biofuel by adsorption over functionalized metal organic frameworks

Currently, our environment is contaminated with various toxic substances. Removal of such hazardous materials from water, air and fuel is important for sustainability. In this minireview, adsorptive removal of organic substances, by using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), for our safe environment will be discussed. For example, removal of (i) pharmaceuticals/personal care products, pesticides, and dyes from water; (ii) S- or N-containing compounds from liquid fuel; and (iii) volatile organic compounds from air will be summarized. Moreover, plausible mechanisms to explain the observation will also be discussed. Finally, prospects in the field will be suggested for further research and development.

Md. Mahmudul Hassan Mondol

Papers

Adsorptive removal of pesticides from water with metal–organic framework-based materials

Molybdenum nitride@porous carbon, derived from phosphomolybdic acid loaded metal-azolate framework-6: A highly effective catalyst for oxidative desulfurization

A remarkable adsorbent for removal of nitrogenous compounds from fuel: A metal–organic framework functionalized both on metal and ligand

Removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from microalgae derived biofuel by adsorption over functionalized metal organic frameworks

Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks in Adsorptive Removal of Organic Contaminants from Water, Fuel and Air.