Emphasizes the judgemental elements of interpretation in clinical pathology, hematology, clinical chemistry, and cytology. Features over 100 case histories covering all species. Each chapter, exclusive of those on technique, has a brief introduction followed by case discussions. Cases presented exemplify laboratory alterations associated with the disease affecting the system under review, and some cases can be used for self-evaluation.

Veterinary clinical pathology

Herbs as thermoregulatory agents in poultry: An overview

The effects of dietary supplemental lysophospholipids (LPLs) and vitamin C (VC) on performance, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and thyroid hormones of broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral and high ambient temperatures were evaluated. A total of 1,680 broiler chicks (Cobb 500) in finishing rearing period (days 21-38 of age) were allotted to two groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). In the TN group, 480 chicks were subjected to four treatments with four replicates (n = 30) and maintained in usual ambient temperature (24 ± 1°C). In HS group, the remaining 1,200 chicks were subjected to four treatments with 10 replicates (n = 30) and exposed to high ambient temperature (34 ± 1°C for 8 hr daily). In both groups, four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements including supplemental LPLs (0 or 1,000 mg/kg) and VC (0 or 500 mg/kg) were formulated and used. Supplemental LPLs decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and increased FCR in the TN and HS groups. In the TN group, increased (p < 0.05) serum glucose was observed in chickens fed with dietary supplemental VC. In the HS group, decreased (p < 0.05) total protein concentration was detected in birds fed with supplemental LPLs. In both TN and HS groups, decreased (p < 0.05) uric acid concentration was detected in chicks fed with the VC-supplemented diets. A significant (p < 0.05) interaction between LPLs and VC on lactate concentration in the TN group was observed. In the HS group, decreased breast malondialdehyde concentration was detected in birds fed with the VC-supplemented diet. In the TN group, increased serum total antioxidant status was detected in birds fed with the LPLs-supplemented diet. In conclusion, LPLs improved oxidative stability and increased the antioxidant capacity of the serum. In addition, vitamin C modified heat stress and reduced lipid peroxidation.

Effects of dietary supplemental lysophospholipids and vitamin C on performance, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, thyroid hormones and serum metabolites of broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral and high ambient temperature.

| Avian chlamydiosis is a respiratory disease affecting all types of birds and mammals. It is a disease of public health importance as it severely affects human being. The disease is mainly caused by Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) which is obligatory intracellular Gram-negative bacterium. Other species of Chlamydia like C. gallinacea and C. avium have been recorded. All avian species including psittacine, domestic and wild birds are susceptible to infection with C. psittaci. Infection is usually occur through inhalation or ingestion of infected droplets or direct contact with infected or carrier birds. Avian chalmydiosis in psittacine birds or human is called psittacosis or parrot fever while in commercial domestic poultry is known as ornithosis. The clinical picture of C. Psittaciin birds is mainly respiratory and/or enteric and sometimes nervous. Infection of human with C. Psittaci is usually acquired from direct contact with infected living birds or carcasses. The disease in human starts as fever and headache, changes to cough difficult respiration and may death. Diagnosis of the disease in birds is based on the clinical picture as well as detection of the causative agent. Isolation, identification as well as serological monitoring of Chlamydia species are crucial for the disease diagnosis. Controlling of avian chlamydiosis depends on specific treatment of the infected birds using teteracyclines for long time. There is no available vaccine to Chlamydia species in birds till now. Quarantine and testing of imported pet birds are the must for prevention of avian chlamydiosis. From the all mentioned above, this review article gives an overview on avian chlamydiosis considering the incidence especially in Egypt and some Middle East countries, causative agent, susceptibility, infection and transmission, the clinical picture in birds and human, diagnosis as well as prevention and control.

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Avian Chlamydiosis: A World-wide Emerging and Public Health Threat

Purpose: To determine the effect alcohol extract of Zataria multiflora , Satureja bachtiarica and Zaravschanica membranacea on immunohematologic factors in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly allocated to seven treatment groups which consisted of control group with water and feed only (1); 200 mg. kg -1 Z. membranacea (2); 400 mg. kg -1 Z. membranacea (3); 200 mg. kg -1 S. bachtiarica (4); 400 mg. kg -1 S. bachtiarica (5); 200 mg. kg -1 Z. multiflora (6) and 400 mg. kg -1 Z. multiflora (7). Erythrocyte counts (RBC), packed cell volumes (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Translocation and Assembly Module (Tam) protein, IgM and albumin were measured after 29 days. Results: Z. membranacea at 200 mg kg -1 showed the highest level of Tam-protein content (p < 0.05). Z. multiflora boiss at 400 mg kg -1 produced higher levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) compared to S. bachtiarica and Z. multiflora (p < 0.05). Both Z. membranacea and S. bachtiarica at 200 mg. kg -1 caused a significant increase in albumin levels in the rats (p < 0.05). Z. multiflora at 400 mg. kg -1 had the highest effect on white blood cells (WBC) while S. bachtiarica produced the highest effect on neutrophils (Nut) (p < 0.05). Z. membranacea and Z. multiflora at 200 mg. kg -1 showed significantly higher levels of monocytes (Mon) % (p < 0.05). Z. multiflora and S. bachtiarica at 400 mg. kg -1 showed a significant effect on phagocytosis % (p < 0.05) whilst S. bachtiarica at 400 mg.kg -1 had a significant effect on phagocytosis number (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The alcohol extracts of Z. multiflora Z. membranacea and S. bachtiarica extracts are capable of stimulating the immune defense mechanism without causing undesirable effects on hematological parameters. Keywords: Zataria multiflora , Satureja bachtiarica , Zaravschanica membranacea , Immunoglobulin, Serum albumen, Immunohematologic factors

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Effect of Alcohol Extract of Zataria multiflora (Boiss), Satureja bachtiarica (Bunge) and Zaravschanica membranacea (Boiss) on Immuno-Hematologic Factors in Rats

The use of compounds with antioxidant properties as a source of phelanoeid compounds is highly recommendable in the poultry industry Therefore, the effect of Cichorium intybus L herb on pathobiochemical indexes of chicken under heat stress was studied After exposure to heat stress (from day 21 to day 42 of growth), hydroalcoholic extraction was provided to 270 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups and placed in two distinct poultry houses (heat stress and normal conditions) The three groups were recipient group of Cichorium intybus L (1); recipient group of vitamin C (2) and control group (3) The birds in one of the houses were exposed to heat stress conditions (35 °C for 8 hours) for a time period between 22 to 42 days and the birds in the other house were reared under normal conditions (20-22°C) for the same time period Blood samples collected from the birds showed that Cichorium intybus L herb caused significant decrease in uric acid, Triglyceride, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total body clearance factors (CL- factors) and right ventricular failure index (RVF) and significant increase in K+ under heat stress condition (p< 005) Vitamin C caused significant decrease in uric acid, ALT, CL- factors and RVF index and significant increase in K+ and Na+ under heat stress condition (p< 005) A significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L was observed compared to the recipient group of vitamin C under heat stress condition (p< 005) In a pathologic examination normal observations were in recipient group of Cichorium intybus L and recipient group of vitamin C compared to the control group According to this study, use of Cichorium intybus L extract and vitamin C in chicken under heat stress induced improvement in liver, kidney activity and fat metabolism

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The effect of cichorium intybus l. ethanol extraction on the pathological and biomedical indexes of the liver and kidney of broilers reared under heat stress

Chlamydophila psittaci (C. psittaci) is a widespread pathogenic bacterium in pigeons. These animals are mostly infected without any clinical signs. Pigeons are probably the most commonly reported chlamydia-infected avian species. Shedding of Chlamydia from infected birds has been widely reported. This study was conducted to detect and to determine the prevalence of C. psittaci in the blood, liver and muscle tissue of urban pigeons in Iran using conventional polymerase chain reaction. In this study, authors used 90 pigeons from different retail shops across Iran. The study was including 26 female and 64 male pigeons with suspected Chlamydiosis based on clinical signs. During examination of the corpses we took 270 samples in total, including blood, liver and muscle tissue from each animal. C. psittaci was detected in 16 (17.78%) blood samples, 14 (15.56%) liver samples and 5 (5.56%) samples of muscle tissue. This study supports the fact that pigeons serve as carriers of C. psittaci. Therefore, continuous surveillance of this bacterium will go along way in understanding the distribution and risks associated with Chlamydia infected pigeons. This will be beneficial in prevention and control risks of infection in humans.

Molecular detection and prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in the blood, liver and muscle tissue of urban pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Iran.

Common thyme with scientific name Thymus vulgaris is one of the Iran indigenous plants that exist widely in southern and central regions of country. This plant has medical applications in traditional medicine including antibacterial and antifungal activity affecting gastrointestinal and chronic diseases. All Thymuses are rich in terms of volatile compounds and mainly consist of thymol and Carvacrol that are considered as strong disinfectants. With regard to valuable properties of common thyme, we decided to investigate effects of Zataria multiflora bosis alcoholic extract on some components of Complement system (c1inhibitor, CH50, C3, C4) and serum IgM in rat. In this research two treatment groups were fed with Zataria multiflora bosis alcoholic extract at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days and the third group as whiteness did not received no compound. In this study after measuring components of complement system and IgM, CH50 amount in two treatment groups showed a significant increase than the control group (p<0.05). Amount of C1inhibitor also showed a significant increase in the group 1 than the control group (p<0.05). Also amount of IgM in two treatment groups showed a relative increase than the control group.

Effect of zataria multiflora bosis alcoholic extract on some components of complement system and serum IgM in rat

This plant is antioxidant, Carminative, Astringent, Fungicide, mucolytic, antibacterial, strong stomach tonic and Anthelmintic With regard to valuable properties of Satureja bachtiarica plant, we decided to investigate effects of Satureja bachtiarica alcoholic extract on some components of complement system (C1inhibitor, CH50, C3 and C4) and serum IgM in rat In this study Satureja bachtiarica extract at concentrations of 200 and 400mg/kg was given to animals in two treatment groups for 30 days and the third group as whiteness received no compound In this study after measuring components of complement system and IgM a relative increase was observed in the amount of complement system components and IgM compared to the control group

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Study Effect of Satureja bachtiarica Alcoholic Extract on Some Components of Complement System and IgM in Rat Serum

The Effect of Functional Properties of Barberry Aqueous Extract on Survival of Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Bifidum in Probiotic Stirred and Set Yogurt Samples

Meysam Khodadadi

Papers

The effect of cichorium intybus l. ethanol extraction on the pathological and biomedical indexes of the liver and kidney of broilers reared under heat stress

Molecular detection and prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in the blood, liver and muscle tissue of urban pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Iran.

Effect of zataria multiflora bosis alcoholic extract on some components of complement system and serum IgM in rat

Study Effect of Satureja bachtiarica Alcoholic Extract on Some Components of Complement System and IgM in Rat Serum

The Effect of Functional Properties of Barberry Aqueous Extract on Survival of Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Bifidum in Probiotic Stirred and Set Yogurt Samples