An apparatus may include a semiconductor chip and a fluidics assembly. The semiconductor chip has an array of wells and an array of sensors and each sensor of the array of sensors is in fluid communication with a well of the array of wells. The fluidics assembly is located on top of the semiconductor chip and is configured to deliver fluids to the semiconductor chip. The fluidics assembly includes a flow expansion chamber configured to introduce the fluids, an outlet portion configured to pipe out the fluids, and a flow chamber portion. The flow chamber portion is configured to allow the fluids to flow from the flow expansion chamber to the outlet portion and to allow the fluids to interact along the way with material in the array of wells. The flow expansion chamber has a curved wall at the top or bottom so that the height of the flow expansion chamber at the center is less than at the walls that restrict the fluids to the left and right.

Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes using large scale fet arrays

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays including large FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes

Methods and apparatuses relating to large scale FET arrays for analyte detection and measurement are provided. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes.

Methods and apparatus for detecting molecular interactions using FET arrays

In recent years there has been great progress in applying FET-type biosensors for highly sensitive biological detection. Among them, the ISFET (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor) is one of the most intriguing approaches in electrical biosensing technology. Here, we review some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, explore its application prospects, and discuss the main issues, approaches, and challenges, with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing ISFET-based biosensors and extending their applications for reliable and sensitive analysis of various biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, enzymes, and cells.

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Ion-sensitive field-effect transistor for biological sensing

Electrochemical biosensors - principles and applications

Ion sensitive field effect transducer-based biosensors.

The glucose biosensors were prepared by the electropolymerization of the non-conductive polymer, Poly(o-phenylenediamine), onto a planar screen-printed electrode. A fabrication procedure was performed to decrease the waste of expensive enzyme. The amperometric glucose response was measured by the potensiostating of the prepared glucose biosensors at a potential of 0.3 V with ferrocene as mediator. Results show that the obtained biosensors have a linear range up to 25 mM glucose, fast response time (100s) and high sensitivities (16.6 nA/mM). Also, the effects of applied potential and sweeping number of Cyclic voltammograms for electropolymerization were systematically investigated and optimal values were recorded.

Miao Yuqing

Papers

Ion sensitive field effect transducer-based biosensors.

Construction of a Glucose Biosensor by Immobilizing Glucose Oxidase within a Poly(o- phenylenediamine) Covered Screen-printed Electrode