Michael E. Cummings

TL;DR: Despite the importance of social impact to social entrepreneurship research, standards for measuring an organization's social impact are underdeveloped on both theoretical and empirical grounds as mentioned in this paper, which is a serious issue.

TL;DR: The authors identify and then investigate empirical support for three theoretically-grounded perspectives on diaspora institution emergence and importance: instrumentally rational states tapping resources of emigrants and their descendants; value-rational states embracing lost members of the nation-state; institutionally-converging states governing diasporas consistent with global norms.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the emergence of legislation to support a new category for social hybrids, focusing on Benefit Corporation legislation in the United States and present quantitative analysis of the state-level factors that make a state suitable for a social hybrid category (attractiveness for for-profit business and non-profits, existing social hybrid organizations, legislative intensity, political leanings).

TL;DR: In this paper, the emergence of legislation to support a new category for social hybrids, focusing on Benefit Corporation legislation in the United States, is explored, and the authors present quantitative analysis of state-level factors that make a state suitable for a social hybrid category (attractiveness for for-profit business and nonprofits, existing social hybrid organizations, legislative intensity, and political leanings) followed by qualitative analysis of the arguments marshaled for the creation of the Benefit Corporation legal form.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use institutional and transaction cost theories to propose that informality shifts migrant remittances toward venture funding in developing countries, where weak institutional capacity to observe and regulate the economy discourages foreign capital inflows vital to venture investment.