Showing papers in "Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice in 2019"
TL;DR: Research on the topic of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) continues to proliferate as mentioned in this paper, and the conceptualization and measurement of this construct are matters of ongoing discussion and debate, as discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Research on the topic of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) continues to proliferate. Nonetheless, the conceptualization and measurement of this construct are matters of ongoing discussion and debate...
300 citations
TL;DR: Despite the importance of social impact to social entrepreneurship research, standards for measuring an organization's social impact are underdeveloped on both theoretical and empirical grounds as mentioned in this paper, which is a serious issue.
Abstract: Despite the importance of social impact to social entrepreneurship research, standards for measuring an organization’s social impact are underdeveloped on both theoretical and empirical grounds We
244 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a sample of 70 countries over the period of 2005-2015 to examine how formal and informal institutional dimensions (availability of debt and venture capital, regulatory business environment, entrepreneurial cognition and human capital, corruption, government size, government support) affect the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship between developed and developing countries.
Abstract: Entrepreneurship contributes importantly to the economy. However, differences in the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship vary significantly across developing and developed countries. We use a sample of 70 countries over the period of 2005–2015 to examine how formal and informal institutional dimensions (availability of debt and venture capital, regulatory business environment, entrepreneurial cognition and human capital, corruption, government size, government support) affect the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship between developed and developing countries. Our results demonstrate that institutions are important for both the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship. However, not all institutions play a similar role; rather, there is a dynamic relationship between institutions and economic development.
194 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role that gender-stereotyped behaviors play in investors' evaluations of men and women-owned ventures was investigated. But, contrary to research suggesting that investors exhibit bias against women,
Abstract: We consider the role that gender-stereotyped behaviors play in investors’ evaluations of men- and women-owned ventures. Contrary to research suggesting that investors exhibit bias against women, we...
169 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of state fragility and economic development on necessity and opportunity-based individual entrepreneurial efforts were investigated by examining multilevel data on 956,925 individuals from 51 countries for the period of 2005-2013.
Abstract: This paper studies the effects of state fragility and economic development on necessity and opportunity-based individual entrepreneurial efforts. We contribute to the literature on the contextual determinants of entrepreneurship by examining multilevel data on 956,925 individuals from 51 countries for the period of 2005–2013. We show that state fragility has a positive effect on necessity-based entrepreneurial efforts while hindering opportunity-based efforts. Our findings illustrate that the level of economic development moderates the relationship between state fragility and necessity-driven entrepreneurial efforts reducing the likelihood of the latter. We discuss the implications for theory and for proentrepreneurship policy.
137 citations
TL;DR: The authors study how the proximate and distal sociocultural environments affect the well-established relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions, focusing on the insti...
Abstract: We study how the proximate and distal sociocultural environments affect the well-established relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. We focus on the insti...
131 citations
TL;DR: Entrepreneurship research has grown rapidly in its scope, rigor, and impact as mentioned in this paper and by every measure, our field now enjoys considerable academic acceptance and legitimacy as a scholarly discipline.
Abstract: Entrepreneurship research has grown rapidly in its scope, rigor, and impact. By every measure, our field now enjoys considerable academic acceptance and legitimacy as a scholarly discipline. Howeve...
97 citations
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the nexus among business growth, ownership structure, and local embeddedness, i.e., the involvement of economic actors in a geographically bound social structure in rural areas.
Abstract: The present study analyzes the nexus among business growth, ownership structure, and local embeddedness—that is, the involvement of economic actors in a geographically bound social structure—in rur...
97 citations
TL;DR: This article applied the network theory of advantage applied to entrepreneurship and an area-probability sample of 700 Chinese entrepreneurs, using 2,193 American and European managers as a baseli...
Abstract: This article is about the network theory of advantage applied to entrepreneurship and an area-probability sample of 700 Chinese entrepreneurs, using 2,193 American and European managers as a baseli...
87 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed and examined the partial substitutability of family ties for political ties as a means of filling institutional voids in emerging markets and found that the effective utilization of family connections is contingent on both family members' motivation and entrepreneurs' mobilization.
Abstract: How do entrepreneurs fill institutional voids that prevail in emerging markets? By incorporating insights from both the political and family embeddedness perspectives, we argue that both political ties and family ties can compensate for gaps in the institutional infrastructure of emerging markets. Specifically, we propose and examine the partial substitutability of family ties for political ties as a means of filling institutional voids. Our empirical work based on Chinese private enterprises strongly supports this argument. We also find that the effective utilization of family ties is contingent on both family members’ motivation (willingness to use resources for the firm) and entrepreneurs’ mobilization (authority in the family to mobilize family members). This study bridges the literature on political ties and family ties to understand their respective costs and benefits and therefore advances our understanding of entrepreneurs’ networking strategies in emerging markets.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide and test a theoretical framework with a multilevel (country-city) nested model to analyze the relationship between national business regulations (NBRs) and city level entrepreneurship.
Abstract: This article provides and tests a theoretical framework with a multilevel (country–city) nested model to analyze the relationship between national business regulations (NBRs) and city level entrepreneurship. While public interest theory predicts a positive relationship between NBR and city level entrepreneurship, public choice theory predicts the opposite, a negative relationship. Based on multilevel analysis for a matched country–city panel of 228 cities across 20 European countries for the years 2004 to 2009, the empirical evidence from panel data estimation explains how changes in NBRs influence changes in city level entrepreneurial activity over time.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that next-generation engagement is a key contributor to the success and continuity of family firms and that family relationships are an important factor in shaping such engagement.
Abstract: Next-generation engagement is a key contributor to the success and continuity of family firms. Family relationships are an important factor in shaping such engagement. However, we know little as to...
TL;DR: Theories of family enterprise have been extensively studied in the literature as mentioned in this paper, with a focus on how social structures and social relationships affect the behavior and performance of family firms, and the potential research directions and contributions made by the articles and commentaries.
Abstract: In this introduction we observe that the study of social structures and social relationships constitute a common theme among the articles and commentaries contained within this special issue on Theories of Family Enterprise. Individuals and organizations are embedded in complex networks of social organization and exchange. Within business enterprises, familial relationships engender unique goals, governance structures, resources, and outcomes. We discuss these relationships, potential research directions, and the contributions made by the articles and commentaries. In so doing, we expand the literature on how social structures and social relationships affect the behavior and performance of family firms.
TL;DR: The stewardship theory is a popular alternative to agency theory for studying family firm governance as mentioned in this paper, however, despite its contributions to management and family business studies, stewardship theories's assumptio...
Abstract: Stewardship theory is a popular alternative to agency theory for studying family firm governance. Despite its contributions to management and family business studies, stewardship theory’s assumptio...
TL;DR: Rachida Justo as mentioned in this paper would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for providing partial funding for the research reported in this paper Grant No ECO2015-66146-R
Abstract: Rachida Justo would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for providing partial funding for the research reported in this paper Grant No ECO2015-66146-R
TL;DR: In this paper, women's interest and participation in entrepreneurship is growing and limited and inconclusive findings on such growth have made it difficult to characterize its influence on new venture innovatio...
Abstract: Women's interest and participation in entrepreneurship is growing. The limited and inconclusive findings on such growth have made it difficult to characterize its influence on new venture innovatio...
TL;DR: In this paper, a sequential qualitative analysis is used to contrast similarities and differences in effectuation processes among six high-technology ventures, by theorizing the relationship between effectuation principles and process characteristics and providing insights into how effectuation may be operationalized for scholars in future research.
Abstract: In this paper, we open the black box of effectuation as a process by identifying effectuation process characteristics and patterns and thereby unveiling the heterogeneity of effectuation processes. Based on a multiple case research approach, sequential qualitative analysis is used to contrast similarities and differences in effectuation processes among six high-technology ventures. By theorizing the relationship between effectuation principles and process characteristics, we increase the conceptual clarity of effectuation theory and provide insights into how effectuation may be operationalized for scholars in future research.
TL;DR: The authors integrate literatures on entrepreneurial passion, shared emotions, and group identities to extend a conceptual model of team entrepreneurial passion (TEP) and delineate mono-focal, complete, and complete.
Abstract: We integrate literatures on entrepreneurial passion, shared emotions, and group identities to extend a conceptual model of team entrepreneurial passion (TEP). We delineate mono-focal, complete, and...
TL;DR: The authors argue that a brand's family firm status acts as a signal to consumers who share the same catego-generative attributes as the brand, and examine how family firm brands (compared to non-family firm brands) affect consumers.
Abstract: This research examines how and why family firm brands (compared to nonfamily firm brands) affect consumers. We argue that a brand’s family firm status acts as a signal to consumers who share catego...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at how a family firm signal affects decision making of nonprofessional investors, grounded in prospect theory and supported by empirical evidence from a choice-based experi...
Abstract: In this article, we look at how a family firm signal affects decision making of nonprofessional investors. Grounded in prospect theory and supported by empirical evidence from a choice-based experi...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the theory of organizational ecology to study how governmental venture capital (GVC) affects the investment behavior of private venture capital and find that the greater the presence of GVC in a venture capital ecosystem, the more VC investors should be attracted toward GVC's niche.
Abstract: We use the theory of organizational ecology to study how governmental venture capital (GVC) affects the investment behavior of private venture capital (PVC). Because of its objectives and dominant competencies, GVC is a unique organizational species that occupies a different niche than PVC. GVC is conceived to establish mutualistic relations with PVC. Accordingly, the greater the presence of GVC in a venture capital (VC) ecosystem, the more PVC investors should be attracted toward GVC’s niche. We consider several relevant niche dimensions at the company (age and size), industry (biotechnology), and regional (competitiveness) levels. Our analysis of 1,239 PVC investments in Europe confirms most of our predictions.
TL;DR: This paper examined the self-employment behavior of artists using data from the Current Population Survey between 2003 and 2015, and found that artists disproportionately freelance and frequently switch in and out of self employment compared to all other professional workers.
Abstract: This study examines the self-employment behavior of artists. Using data from the Current Population Survey between 2003 and 2015, we estimate a series of logit models to predict transitions from paid employment to self-employment in the arts. The results show that artists disproportionately freelance and frequently switch in and out of self-employment compared to all other professional workers. We also find that artists exhibit unique entrepreneurial profiles, particularly in terms of their demographic and employment characteristics. In particular, artist workers are considerably more likely to attain self-employment status when living in a city with a high saturation of artist occupations.
TL;DR: The emergence of big data and related analytic techniques are creating opportunities to advance empirical entrepreneurship theory and practice as discussed by the authors, focusing on the implications for the implications of the big data for the future of entrepreneurship.
Abstract: The emergence of “big data” and related analytic techniques are creating opportunities to advance empirical entrepreneurship theory and practice. This editorial focuses on the implications for the ...
TL;DR: In this paper, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa overcome market imperfections to get the resources needed for exporting, and they hypothesize that in many emerging economies, do.
Abstract: Can small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) overcome market imperfections to get the resources needed for exporting? We hypothesize that in many emerging economies, do
TL;DR: In this paper, the antecedents of an entrepreneur's day-level innovative behavior were investigated using 2,420 data points from a 10-day experience sampling study with 121 entrepreneurs.
Abstract: This study investigates the antecedents of an entrepreneur’s day-level innovative behavior. Drawing on 2,420 data points from a 10-day experience sampling study with 121 entrepreneurs, we find that...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined firm performance following CEO succession in family firms and found that the inferior performance of family successors was at odds with general theoretic evidence of superior performance of successors.
Abstract: Empirical studies examining firm performance following CEO succession in family firms predominantly document inferior performance of family successors. This evidence is at odds with general theoret...
TL;DR: In this article, transaction cost economics is used to explain the individual-level entrepreneurial behavior of family and non-family managers in family firms, and the authors identify an expanded set of factors through which family firms can facilitate nonfamily managers' entrepreneurial behavior, including monitoring, incentives, distributive justice, access to the top management and job control perceptions.
Abstract: We use transaction cost economics to explain the individual-level entrepreneurial behavior of family and non-family managers in family firms. We argue that non-family managers exhibit lower entrepreneurial behavior than family managers, particularly after the founder’s departure from the business. Moreover, we identify an expanded set of factors through which family firms can facilitate non-family managers’ entrepreneurial behavior, including monitoring, incentives, distributive justice, access to the top management, and job control perceptions. We test these hypotheses in a sample of 296 family firm managers, contributing new insights on non-family managers and corporate entrepreneurship in family firms.
TL;DR: The authors examined the role of national culture on the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) rhetoric contained within franchisee recruitment promotional materials, where EO rhetoric is defined as the strategic use of words in organizational narratives to convey the risk taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness of the firm.
Abstract: This study examines the role of national culture on the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) rhetoric contained within franchisee recruitment promotional materials, where EO rhetoric is defined as the strategic use of words in organizational narratives to convey the risk taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness of the firm. The sample comprised 378 franchise organizations, in five different countries (Australia, France, India, South Africa, and the UK). The results indicate that franchise systems operating in high uncertainty avoidance and feminine cultures use less entrepreneurially oriented rhetoric, suggesting that EO rhetoric in franchise organizations varies according to different national cultural contexts.
TL;DR: The authors identify and explain eight root metaphors for entrepreneurship (parenthood, mutagen, conduit of knowledge, method, mindset, networking, exploration, and politics) and develop a research agenda for building on the metaphors and moving beyond them.
Abstract: Despite increasing recognition of the importance of metaphors to theory development, metaphors’ influence on entrepreneurship theorizing has been largely unexplored. This is problematic because a field’s metaphors shape its underlying assumptions. This study takes stock of the entrepreneurship field through its metaphors by analyzing a corpus of highly cited entrepreneurship articles. We identify and explain eight root metaphors for entrepreneurship—parenthood, mutagen, conduit of knowledge, method, mindset, networking, exploration, and politics—underpinning the mainstream of the field. We then extend and combine the metaphors to develop a research agenda for building on the metaphors and moving beyond them.
TL;DR: In this article, a multilevel investigation of 12,746 individuals in 40 countries showed that individuals prefer to work in family firms in labor markets with flexible unregulated hiring and firing practices, centralized wage determination, and low labor-employer cooperation.
Abstract: Family firms must attract talented employees to stay competitive. They have different employer characteristics than nonfamily firms. For example, although they generally offer lower wages, they also typically offer higher job security and a more cooperative and entrepreneurial work environment. However, drawing on occupational choice theory, we argue that the importance of these unique family firm characteristics depends on the national labor market context in which the family firm is embedded. A multilevel investigation of 12,746 individuals in 40 countries shows that individuals prefer to work in family firms in labor markets with flexible unregulated hiring and firing practices, centralized wage determination, and low labor–employer cooperation. A cross-level analysis further shows that the national labor market context moderates the effects of individual-level factors determining the preference to work in a family firm (e.g., entrepreneurship intention). Our article is the first to consider labor market institutions in research on family firms as employers. Practical implications exist for family firms regarding their employer branding and intrapreneurship strategies.