Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this review, we first examine the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem and biome scales, notably showing that species can respond to climate change challenges by shifting their climatic niche along three non-exclusive axes: time (e.g. phenology), space (e.g. range) and self (e.g. physiology). Then, we present the principal specificities and caveats of the most common approaches used to estimate future biodiversity at global and sub-continental scales and we synthesise their results. Finally, we highlight several challenges for future research both in theoretical and applied realms. Overall, our review shows that current estimates are very variable, depending on the method, taxonomic group, biodiversity loss metrics, spatial scales and time periods considered. Yet, the majority of models indicate alarming consequences for biodiversity, with the worst-case scenarios leading to extinction rates that would qualify as the sixth mass extinction in the history of the earth.

/pdf/impacts-of-climate-change-on-the-future-of-biodiversity-3rngjb4k3z.pdf

Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity.

With digital equipment becoming increasingly networked, either on wired or wireless networks, for personal and professional use alike, distributed software systems have become a crucial element in information and communications technologies. The study of these systems forms the core of the ARLES' work, which is specifically concerned with defining new system software architectures, based on the use of emerging networking technologies. In this context, we concentrate on the study of distributed systems which bring to life the vision of ubiquitous computing systems, also known as ambient intelligence.

반도체 공정 overview

(1991). Applied Linear Regression Models. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 76-77.

Applied Linear Regression Models

The best ebooks about Difference And Repetition that you can get for free here by download this Difference And Repetition and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as gilles deleuze difference and repetition difference and repetition mariusj preparing to learn from difference and repetition protevi gilles deleuze difference and repetition difference and repetition: on guy debord's films difference and repetition wrmail difference and repetition uksfp difference and repetition pdf book library deleuzeÃ¢Â€ÂTMs difference and repetition (phil 615) crn: 27134 gilles deleuzes difference and repetition gilles deleuzes deleuzeÃ ̄Â¿Â¢Ã ̄Â3⁄4Â€Ã ̄Â3⁄4ÂTMs difference and repetition by henry somers-hall repetition pdf difference and deleuze wordpress difference, repetition, and the n[on(e)-all]: the repetition and difference: a rhythmanalysis of pedagogic outline of gilles deleuze, diffÃƒÂ©rence et rÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©tition from colonization to globalization: difference or repetition and difference: a rhythmanalysis of pedagogic reading on the move geneseo migrant center and national the difference and repetition of gabriel tarde repetition and refrain your new wiki! wikispaces difference and repetition 310 conclusion: the postulate difference and repetition in deleuzeÃ¢Â€ÂTMs proustian sign and differences in the nonword repetition performance of which are the layers of difference and repetition? gilles deleuzes difference and repetition gilles deleuzes gilles deleuze's 'difference and repetition': a critical difference and repetition deleuze pdf kepbeenpdf difference and repetition pdf kepbeenpdfleswordpress difference and repetition european perspectives a series rhetorical analysis university academic success programs what difference does deleuze's difference make? difference and repetition wikipedia difference and repetition gilles deleuze google books deleuze, gilles | internet encyclopedia of philosophy

Difference and Repetition

A recently developed integrative framework proposes that the vulnerability of a species to environmental change depends on the species' exposure and sensitivity to environmental change, its resilience to perturbations and its potential to adapt to change. These vulnerability criteria require behavioural, physiological and genetic data. With this information in hand, biologists can predict organisms most at risk from environmental change. Biologists and managers can then target organisms and habitats most at risk. Unfortunately, the required data (e.g. optimal physiological temperatures) are rarely available. Here, we evaluate the reliability of potential proxies (e.g. critical temperatures) that are often available for some groups. Several proxies for ectotherms are promising, but analogous ones for endotherms are lacking. We also develop a simple graphical model of how behavioural thermoregulation, acclimation and adaptation may interact to influence vulnerability over time. After considering this model together with the proxies available for physiological sensitivity to climate change, we conclude that ectotherms sharing vulnerability traits seem concentrated in lowland tropical forests. Their vulnerability may be exacerbated by negative biotic interactions. Whether tropical forest (or other) species can adapt to warming environments is unclear, as genetic and selective data are scant. Nevertheless, the prospects for tropical forest ectotherms appear grim.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2012.0005

Predicting organismal vulnerability to climate warming: roles of behaviour, physiology and adaptation

because warming is fastest in these regions 8 . In contrast, shifts in tropical regions are expected to be less marked 4,8,10,11 because warming is less pronounced there 8 . However, biotic impacts of warming are mediated through physiology, and metabolic rate, which is a fundamental measure of physiological activity and ecological impact, increases exponentially rather than linearly with temperature in ectotherms 12 . Therefore, tropical ectotherms (with warm baseline temperatures) should experience larger absolute shifts in metabolic rate than the magnitude of tropical temperature change itself would suggest, but the impact of climate warming on metabolic rate has never been quantified on a global scale. Here we show that estimated changes in terrestrial metabolic rates in the tropics are large, are equivalent in magnitude to those in the north temperate-zone regions, and are in fact far greater than those in the Arctic, even though tropical temperature change has been relatively small. Because of temperature’s nonlinear effects on metabolism, tropical organisms, which constitute much of Earth’s biodiversity, should be profoundly affected by recent and projected

https://faculty.washington.edu/hueyrb/new/DillonEA2010.pdf

Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming

1. Introduction: From Liberal Conscience to Liberal Rule Part 1 2. From the Liberal Subject to the Biohuman 3. War in the Age of Biohumanity 4. Informationalising Life Part 2 5. Global Triage: Threat Perception in the 21st Century 6. Military Transformation in the Age of Life as Information 7. Biohumanity and its Rogues: Securing the Infrastructures of Liberal Living 8. Conclusion: Good for Nothing

The Liberal Way of War: Killing to Make Life Live

This essay addresses two questions. It first asks what happens to security practices when they take species life as their referent object. It then asks what happens to security practices which take species life as their referent object when the very understanding of species life undergoes transformation and change. In the process of addressing these two questions the essay provides an exegesis of Michel Foucault’s analytic of biopolitics as a dispositif de securite and contrasts this account of security with that given by traditional geopolitical security discourses. The essay also theorises beyond Foucault when it interrogates the impact in the twentieth century of the compression of morbidity on populations and the molecular revolution on what we now understand life to be. It concludes that ‘population’, which was the empirical referent of early biopolitics, is being superseded by ‘heterogenesis’. This serves as the empirical referent for the recombinant biopolitics of security in the molecular age.

/pdf/biopolitics-of-security-in-the-21st-century-an-introduction-48a534irpr.pdf

Biopolitics of security in the 21st century: an introduction

https://faculty.washington.edu/hueyrb/pdfs/DillonEA09JThermBiol.pdf

Review: Thermal preference in Drosophila.

Synopsis Numerous physical parameters that influence insect physiology vary substantially with altitude, including temperature, air density, and oxygen partial pressure. Here, we review existing literature and present new empirical data to better characterize the high-altitude environment, and then consider how this environment affects the physiology and evolution of insects. Using weather balloon data from fifty-three sites across the globe, we estimate a mean altitudinal temperature lapse rate of 6.0 � C/km. We also present empirically determined lapse rates for PO2 and air density. The temperature decline with elevation may substantially compromise insect thermoregulation at high altitude. However, heat-transfer models predict that lower air density at elevation reduces convective heat loss of insects by to a surprisingly large degree. This effect combined with behavioral thermoregulation and the availability of buffered microhabitats make the net thermal consequences of highaltitude residence strongly context-specific. The decline in PO2 with elevation may compromise insect development and physiology, but its effects are difficult to predict without simultaneously considering temperature and air density. Flying insects compensate for low air densities with both short-term responses, such as increased stroke amplitude (but not wingbeat frequency), and with long-term developmental and/or evolutionary increases in wing size relative to body size. Finally, in contrast to predictions based on Bergmann’s Rule, a literature survey of thirty-six insect species suggests that those living in colder, higher altitudes do not tend to have larger body sizes. Rapid changes in the physical environment can profoundly alter biological communities across altitudinal gradients. For example, mean temperature drops by approximately 24 � C from the base of the Sierra Nevadas (200 m) to the peak of Mount Dana (3979 m) in Yosemite National Park, California. The altitudinal temperature change associated with this short horizontally projected distance (97 km) is roughly equivalent to traveling over 4500 km in latitude (Hopkins, 1938). This rapid temperature reduction is likely a primary factor underlying the striking altitudinal changes in plant and animal communities. However, other physical factors such as oxygen, air density, humidity, and solar radiation may also shape high-altitude insect communities, but have been largely ignored. In this review, we discuss the rapid changes in the physical factors that characterize high altitude, and explore how these gradients influence the physiology and evolution of arthropods, and particularly of insects, living at high altitude. Rather than exhaustively review topics for which data are abundant, we primarily present hypotheses for which data are scarce or nonexistent in the hopes of encouraging future research.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3884976.pdf

Michael E. Dillon

Papers

Global metabolic impacts of recent climate warming

The Liberal Way of War: Killing to Make Life Live

Biopolitics of security in the 21st century: an introduction

Review: Thermal preference in Drosophila.

Into thin air: Physiology and evolution of alpine insects.