Michael E. Harned

TL;DR: A robust agreement which is followed by all parties is essential in initiating and maintaining opioid therapy as such agreements reduce overuse, misuse, abuse, and diversion.

TL;DR: These guidelines are intended to provide a systematic and standardized approach to this complex and difficult arena of practice, while recognizing that every clinical situation is unique.

TL;DR: The focus of these guidelines is to curtail the abuse of opioids without jeopardizing non-cancer pain management with opioids, and to reduce the incidence of abuse and drug diversion.

TL;DR: The guidelines of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) as mentioned in this paper provide guidance for the use of opioids for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain, to produce consistency in the application of an opioid philosophy among the many diverse groups involved, and to reduce the incidence of abuse and drug diversion.

TL;DR: There is significant (Level I to II) evidence of the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in lumbar FBSS; whereas, there is moderate (Level II to III) evidence for high frequency stimulation; there is limited evidence for adaptive stimulation and burst stimulation.