计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.

The knowledge-creating company : how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation

We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

We investigate conditions sufficient for identification of average treatment effects using instrumental variables. First we show that the existence of valid instruments is not sufficient to identify any meaningful average treatment effect. We then establish that the combination of an instrument and a condition on the relation between the instrument and the participation status is sufficient for identification of a local average treatment effect for those who can be induced to change their participation status by changing the value of the instrument. Finally we derive the probability limit of the standard IV estimator under these conditions. It is seen to be a weighted average of local average treatment effects.

Evolution and Rationality Some Recent Game-Theoretic Results. Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects

One size fits all?: Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach

Fritsch M. and Mueller P. (2004) Effects of new business formation on regional development over time, Regional Studies38, 961-975. In the analysis of the impact of new business formation on regional employment change, considerable time lags were identified. The structure and extent of these time lags were investigated by applying the Almon lag model and it was found that new firms can have both a positive and a negative effect on regional employment. The results indicate that the indirect effects of new business formation (crowding out of competitors, improvement of supply conditions and improved competitiveness) are of greater magnitude than the direct effect, i.e. the jobs created in the new entities. The peak of the positive impact of new businesses on regional development is reached about 8 years after entry. Fritsch M. et Mueller P. (2004) Les effets temporels de la creation d'entreprise sur l'amenagement du territoire, Regional Studies38, 961-975. Cette analyse des effets de la creation d'entreprise...

Effects of New Business Formation on Regional Development over Time

This paper seeks to shed new light on the policy debate about whether regional economic development policy should be targeted towards fostering new firm start-ups or nurturing large, incumbent enterprises. We extend the concept of technological regimes for innovative activity in the industrial economics literature to develop a concept of growth regimes for the unit of observation of regions. Based on data for 74 regions in West Germany over a two-decade period, we identify the existence of four distinct growth regimes: the entrepreneurial regime; the routinized regime; the revolving door regime; and the declining regime. The empirical evidence suggests that no single type of regime accounts for growth. Rather, regional growth can result in regions focusing on large enterprises or new enterprises. Thus, we conclude that diverse growth regimes exist across both time and space. Cet article cherche a eclaircir le debat a propos du role de la politique de developpement economique regional: devrait-elle cibler ...

Growth Regimes over Time and Space

Who cooperates on R&D?

https://myweb.rollins.edu/tlairson/pek/regionknowspill.pdf

Innovation, regional knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation

AUDRETSCH D. B. and FRITSCH M. (1994) The geography of firm births in Germany, Reg. Studies 28, 359–365. The linkages between the extent to which increasing returns to production exist within a spatial unit of observation and the tendency towards increased concentration of economic activity, measured in terms of the birth of new firms, is the focus of this paper. Based on 75 regions in west Germany, we find considerable evidence suggesting that birth rates are greater in regions exhibiting characteristics reflecting convexities in production. This provides support for the theory that the location of new economic activity tends to occur in the geographic space where such production convexities are the greatest. AUDRETSCH D. B. et FRITSCH M. (1994) La geographie de la naissance d'entreprises en Allemagne, Reg. Studies 28, 359–365. Cet article porte sur les liens entre l'importance des rendements croissants au sein d'une aire geographique delimitee et la tendance a la concentration accrue de l'activite econo...

Michael Fritsch

Papers

Effects of New Business Formation on Regional Development over Time

Growth Regimes over Time and Space

Who cooperates on R&D?

Innovation, regional knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation

The Geography of Firm Births in Germany