Michaël J.B. van Baar

TL;DR: The role of GLp-1 and the actions of associated therapies on glucose metabolism, the gut–renal axis, classical renal risk factors, and renal end points in randomized controlled trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM are reviewed.

TL;DR: Beyond glucose control, SGLT2i reduce mGFR and filtration fraction in type 2 diabetes, and the fact that renal vascular resistance was not increased by dapagliflozin suggests that this is due to post-glomerular vasodilation rather than pre-glomerular vasoconstriction.

TL;DR: The currently emerging evidence, prevailing hypotheses, and necessary future studies are discussed to clarify the potential risks and benefits of using an SGLT2i in dual combination with metformin and triple combination with a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, or other glucose-lowering agent that is recommended by the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes.

TL;DR: Current understanding of the renal effects of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists and their potential use in prevention and treatment of DKD are discussed.

TL;DR: Comparing the glycemic and pleiotropic effects of these agents to other glucose‐lowering drugs will address questions around whether SGLT‐2 inhibitors should be considered primarily as glucose‐ Lowering agents, cardiorenal drugs or both.