Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

Twitter, a microblogging service less than three years old, commands more than 41 million users as of July 2009 and is growing fast. Twitter users tweet about any topic within the 140-character limit and follow others to receive their tweets. The goal of this paper is to study the topological characteristics of Twitter and its power as a new medium of information sharing.We have crawled the entire Twitter site and obtained 41.7 million user profiles, 1.47 billion social relations, 4,262 trending topics, and 106 million tweets. In its follower-following topology analysis we have found a non-power-law follower distribution, a short effective diameter, and low reciprocity, which all mark a deviation from known characteristics of human social networks [28]. In order to identify influentials on Twitter, we have ranked users by the number of followers and by PageRank and found two rankings to be similar. Ranking by retweets differs from the previous two rankings, indicating a gap in influence inferred from the number of followers and that from the popularity of one's tweets. We have analyzed the tweets of top trending topics and reported on their temporal behavior and user participation. We have classified the trending topics based on the active period and the tweets and show that the majority (over 85%) of topics are headline news or persistent news in nature. A closer look at retweets reveals that any retweeted tweet is to reach an average of 1,000 users no matter what the number of followers is of the original tweet. Once retweeted, a tweet gets retweeted almost instantly on next hops, signifying fast diffusion of information after the 1st retweet.To the best of our knowledge this work is the first quantitative study on the entire Twittersphere and information diffusion on it.

https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7104&context=sis_research

What is Twitter, a social network or a news media?

The term “Linked Data” refers to a set of best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web. These best practices have been adopted by an increasing number of data providers over the last three years, leading to the creation of a global data space containing billions of assertions— the Web of Data. In this article, the authors present the concept and technical principles of Linked Data, and situate these within the broader context of related technological developments. They describe progress to date in publishing Linked Data on the Web, review applications that have been developed to exploit the Web of Data, and map out a research agenda for the Linked Data community as it moves forward.

/pdf/linked-data-the-story-so-far-2a9zvmaysa.pdf

Linked Data - the story so far

Obesity now affects one in five children in the United States. Discrimination against overweight children begins early in childhood and becomes progressively institutionalized. Because obese children tend to be taller than their nonoverweight peers, they are apt to be viewed as more mature. The inappropriate expectations that result may have an adverse effect on their socialization. Many of the cardiovascular consequences that characterize adult-onset obesity are preceded by abnormalities that begin in childhood. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and abnormal glucose tolerance occur with increased frequency in obese children and adolescents. The relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to visceral fat independent of total body fat remains unclear. Sleep apnea, pseudotumor cerebri, and Blount's disease represent major sources of morbidity for which rapid and sustained weight reduction is essential. Although several periods of increased risk appear in childhood, it is not clear whether obesity with onset early in childhood carries a greater risk of adult morbidity and mortality. Obesity is now the most prevalent nutritional disease of children and adolescents in the United States. Although obesity-associated morbidities occur more frequently in adults, significant consequences of obesity as well as the antecedents of adult disease occur in obese children and adolescents. In this review, I consider the adverse effects of obesity in children and adolescents and attempt to outline areas for future research. I refer to obesity as a body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and gender.

Health Consequences of Obesity in Youth: Childhood Predictors of Adult Disease

ObjectivesThe BCC project aims to describe the burden of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and access to cardiac procedures and care for New South Wales (NSW), Australia residents. For patients experiencing AMI, particularly ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), timely revascularisation is important to optimise prognosis.&#x0D; ApproachThe AMI patient journey often involves presentation to the closest appropriate facility and transfers between hospitals, including across jurisdictions. The BCC dataset consists of cross-jurisdictional linked ambulance, emergency, hospital, outpatient, deaths, Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme records for residents of NSW. For NSW residents hospitalised for STEMI between 2013 to 2018, we compared the number of STEMI hospitalisations, the proportion of patients receiving revascularisation procedures, and the time to procedures using only NSW records versus records from all jurisdictions and Medicare Benefits Scheme. This dataset will be updated annually.&#x0D; ResultsThe BCC dataset comprises 332 million records, from 18 datasets, across 6 jurisdictions. Compared with NSW hospital data, including data from other jurisdictions increased the ascertainment of STEMI hospitalisations by 8.0% (from 15,420 to 16,659) and procedures by 11.2% (from 13,219 to 14,701) for NSW residents. This increase was greatest for residents living near state borders, increasing the number of STEMI hospitalisations by up to 210% and the percentage receiving procedures by up to 70%.&#x0D; ConclusionsCross-jurisdictional data is essential to understand patient journeys of residents who live in border areas and to evaluate patient care for STEMI and AMI more broadly. The BCC dataset is a vital asset that enables a more comprehensive view of care for AMI than has been possible to date. 

/pdf/rapid-and-responsive-record-linkage-to-support-nsw-health-3hc0xmsl.pdf

Rapid and Responsive Record Linkage to support NSW Health COVID-19 pandemic response.

Popular web pages are archived frequently, which makes it difficult to visualize the progression of the site through the years at web archives. The What Did It Look Like (WDILL) Twitter bot shows web page transitions by creating a timelapse of a given website using one archived copy from each calendar year. Originally implemented in 2015, we recently added new features to WDILL, such as date range requests, diversified memento selection, updated visualizations, and sharing visualizations to Instagram. This would allow scholars and the general public to explore the temporal nature of web archives.

What Did It Look Like: A service for creating website timelapses using the Memento framework.

Since 1996, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) has been investigating pathophysiological processes underlying ischemic heart disease in women and related outcomes. Recent findings have focused on women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) and their elevated risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This review summarizes the latest WISE findings related to INOCA and pre-HFpEF characteristics, addressing our understanding of contributions from traditional vs nontraditional risk factors in women. 

Latest from the WISE: Contributions to the Understanding of Ischemia and Heart Failure among Women with No Obstructive Coronary Arteries

/pdf/on-compressing-time-evolving-networks-4usrw8zpqo.pdf

On Compressing Time-Evolving Networks

The web began with a vision of, as stated by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991, “that much academic information should be freely available to anyone”. For many years, the development of the web and the development of digital libraries and other scholarly communications infrastructure proceeded in tandem. A milestone occurred in July, 1995, when the first issue of D-Lib Magazine was published as an online, HTML-only, open access magazine, serving as the focal point for the then emerging digital library research community. In 2017 it ceased publication, in part due to the maturity of the community it served as well as the increasing availability of and competition from eprints, institutional repositories, conferences, social media, and online journals – the very ecosystem that D-Lib Magazine nurtured and enabled. As long-time members of the digital library community and frequent contributors to D-Lib Magazine, we reflect on the many innovations that D-Lib Magazine pioneered and were made possible by the web, including: open access, HTML-only publication and embracing the hypermedia opportunities afforded by HTML, persistent identifiers and stable URLs, rapid publication, and community engagement. Although it ceased publication after 22 years and 265 issues, it remains unchanged on the live web and still provides a benchmark for academic serials and web-based publishing. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems $\rightarrow$ Digital libraries and archives.

/pdf/d-lib-magazine-pioneered-web-based-scholarly-communication-1khnlmv3.pdf

Michael L. Nelson

Papers

Rapid and Responsive Record Linkage to support NSW Health COVID-19 pandemic response.

What Did It Look Like: A service for creating website timelapses using the Memento framework.

Latest from the WISE: Contributions to the Understanding of Ischemia and Heart Failure among Women with No Obstructive Coronary Arteries

On Compressing Time-Evolving Networks

D-Lib Magazine pioneered Web-based Scholarly Communication