物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0)

Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications, Third Edition presents students, engineers, and scientists with all they need to gain a solid understanding of the numerical methods and principles underlying modern computation techniques in fluid dynamics By providing complete coverage of the essential knowledge required in order to write codes or understand commercial codes, the book gives the reader an overview of fundamentals and solution strategies in the early chapters before moving on to cover the details of different solution techniques

	This updated edition includes new worked programming examples, expanded coverage and recent literature regarding incompressible flows, the Discontinuous Galerkin Method, the Lattice Boltzmann Method, higher-order spatial schemes, implicit Runge-Kutta methods and parallelization

	An accompanying companion website contains the sources of 1-D and 2-D Euler and Navier-Stokes flow solvers (structured and unstructured) and grid generators, along with tools for Von Neumann stability analysis of 1-D model equations and examples of various parallelization techniques



	
		Will provide you with the knowledge required to develop and understand modern flow simulation codes
	
		Features new worked programming examples and expanded coverage of incompressible flows, implicit Runge-Kutta methods and code parallelization, among other topics
	
		Includes accompanying companion website that contains the sources of 1-D and 2-D flow solvers as well as grid generators and examples of parallelization techniques

Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications Ed. 3

For several centuries fluid dynamics studies have relied upon the assumption that when a liquid flows over a solid surface, the liquid molecules adjacent to the solid are stationary relative to the solid. This no-slip boundary condition (BC) has been applied successfully to model many macroscopic experiments, but has no microscopic justification. In recent years there has been an increased interest in determining the appropriate BCs for the flow of Newtonian liquids in confined geometries, partly due to exciting developments in the fields of microfluidic and microelectromechanical devices and partly because new and more sophisticated measurement techniques are now available. An increasing number of research groups now dedicate great attention to the study of the flow of liquids at solid interfaces, and as a result a large number of experimental, computational and theoretical studies have appeared in the literature. We provide here a review of experimental studies regarding the phenomenon of slip of Newtonian liquids at solid interfaces. We dedicate particular attention to the effects that factors such as surface roughness, wettability and the presence of gaseous layers might have on the measured interfacial slip. We also discuss how future studies might improve our understanding of hydrodynamic BCs and enable us to actively control liquid slip.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/68/12/R05/pdf

Boundary slip in Newtonian liquids: a review of experimental studies

A sequel to AUSM, Part II: AUSM+-up for all speeds

Preface 1. Fluid mechanics and computation: an introduction 2. Approximation methods for elliptic problems 3. Parabolic and hyperbolic problems 4. Mutidimensional problems 5. Steady Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations 6. Unsteady Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations 7. Domain decomposition 8. Vector and parallel implementations Appendix A. Preliminary mathematical concepts Appendix B. Orthogonal polynomials and discrete transforms.

/pdf/high-order-methods-for-incompressible-fluid-flow-1ml9ailuf6.pdf

High-Order Methods for Incompressible Fluid Flow

High-Order Methods for Incompressible Fluid Flow: List of Figures

Leonardo wrote, Mechanics is the paradise of the mathematical sciences, because by means of it one comes to the fruits of mathematics; replace Mechanics by Fluid mechanics and here we are.- From the Preface to the Second EditionAlthough the exponential growth of computer power has advanced the importance of simulations and visualization tools for elaborating new models, designs and technologies, the discipline of fluid mechanics is still large, and turbulence in flows remains a challenging problem in classical physics. Like its predecessor, the revised and expanded Second Edition of this book addresses the basic principles of fluid mechanics and solves fluid flow problems where viscous effects are the dominant physical phenomena.Much progress has occurred in the half a century that has passed since the edition of 1964. As predicted, aspects of hydrodynamics once considered offbeat have risen to importance. For example, the authors have worked on problems where variations in viscosity and surface tension cannot be ignored. The advent of nanotechnology has broadened interest in the hydrodynamics of thin films, and hydromagnetic effects and radiative heat transfer are routinely encountered in materials processing. This monograph develops the basic equations, in the three most important coordinate systems, in a way that makes it easy to incorporate these phenomena into the theory.The book originally described by Prof. Langlois as "a monograph on theoretical hydrodynamics, written in the language of applied mathematics" offers much new coverage including the second principle of thermodynamics, the Boussinesq approximation, time dependent flows, Marangoni convection, Kovasznay flow, plane periodic solutions, Hele-Shaw cells, Stokeslets, rotlets, finite element methods, Wannier flow, corner eddies, and analysis of the Stokes operator.

Slow viscous flow

Various ways of implementing boundary conditions for the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations by a lattice Boltzmann method are discussed. Five commonly adopted approaches are reviewed, analyzed, and compared, including local and nonlocal methods. The discussion is restricted to velocity Dirichlet boundary conditions, and to straight on-lattice boundaries which are aligned with the horizontal and vertical lattice directions. The boundary conditions are first inspected analytically by applying systematically the results of a multiscale analysis to boundary nodes. This procedure makes it possible to compare boundary conditions on an equal footing, although they were originally derived from very different principles. It is concluded that all five boundary conditions exhibit second-order accuracy, consistent with the accuracy of the lattice Boltzmann method. The five methods are then compared numerically for accuracy and stability through benchmarks of two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows. None of the methods is found to be throughout superior to the others. Instead, the choice of a best boundary condition depends on the flow geometry, and on the desired trade-off between accuracy and stability. From the findings of the benchmarks, the boundary conditions can be classified into two major groups. The first group comprehends boundary conditions that preserve the information streaming from the bulk into boundary nodes and complete the missing information through closure relations. Boundary conditions in this group are found to be exceptionally accurate at low Reynolds number. Boundary conditions of the second group replace all variables on boundary nodes by new values. They exhibit generally much better numerical stability and are therefore dedicated for use in high Reynolds number flows.

Straight velocity boundaries in the lattice Boltzmann method

Numerical simulations of freely decaying isotropic fluid turbulence were performed at various Mach numbers (from 0.2 to 1.0) using known shock-capturing Euler schemes (Jameson, TVD-MUSCL, ENO) often employed for aeronautical applications. The objective of these calculations was to evaluate the relevance of the use of such schemes in the large-eddy simulation (LES) context. The potential of the monotone integrated large-eddy simulation (MILES) approach was investigated by carrying out computations without viscous diffusion terms. Although some known physical trends were respected, it is found that the small scales of the simulated flow suffer from high numerical damping. In a quasi-incompressible case, this numerical dissipation is tentatively interpreted in terms of turbulent dissipation, yielding the evaluation of equivalent Taylor micro-scales. The Reynolds numbers based on these are found between 30 and 40, depending on the scheme and resolution (up to 1283). The numerical dissipation is also interpreted in terms of subgrid-scale dissipation in a LES context, yielding equivalent Smagorinsky “constants” which do not level off with time and which remain larger than the commonly accepted values of the classical Smagorinsky constant. On the grounds of tests with either the Smagorinsky or a dynamic model, the addition of explicit subgrid-scale (SGS) models to shock-capturing Euler codes is not recommended.

Michel Deville

Papers

High-Order Methods for Incompressible Fluid Flow

High-Order Methods for Incompressible Fluid Flow: List of Figures

Slow viscous flow

Straight velocity boundaries in the lattice Boltzmann method

On the use of shock-capturing schemes for Large-Eddy Simulation