Hydrothermal transport, deposition, and fractionation of the REE: experimental data and thermodynamic calculations

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7569814/7569815/07569878.pdf

Electromagnetic Shielding

http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/8/4/471.2.full.pdf

Water: a Comprehensive Treatise (Volume 6)

Color centers are versatile systems that generate quantum light, sense magnetic fields and produce spin-photon entanglement. We review how these properties have pushed the limits of fundamental knowledge in a variety of scientific disciplines, from rejecting local-realistic theories to sensing superconducting phase transitions. In the light of recent progress in material processing and device fabrication, we identify new opportunities for interdisciplinary fundamental discoveries in physics and geochemistry.

Novel color center platforms enabling fundamental scientific discovery

Implementation of nuclear magnetic resonance in high pressure vessels is among the most demanding technological endeavours of the field, owing to inherently low signal amplitudes, low sensitivities of the resonator set-ups, and samples which are both difficult to handle and to access in the finished experimental set-up. The following chapter presents a review of the basic principles of generating pressures in excess of 1 GPa (= 10.000 atm), followed by a summary of suitable NMR resonators. Additionally, recent high pressure experiments on correlated and uncorrelated electronic system at pressures as high as 30 GPa will be covered.

At Its Extremes : NMR at Giga-Pascal Pressures

Nuclear spin relaxation rates of (2) H and (139) La in LaCl3 +(2) H2 O and La(ClO4 )3 +(2) H2 O solutions were determined as a function of pressure in order to demonstrate a new NMR probe designed for solution spectroscopy at geochemical pressures. The (2) H longitudinal relaxation rates (T1 ) vary linearly to 1.6 GPa, consistent with previous work at lower pressures. The (139) La T1 values vary both with solution chemistry and pressure, but converge with pressure, suggesting that the combined effects of increased viscosity and enhanced rates of ligand exchange control relaxation. This simple NMR probe design allows experiments on aqueous solutions to pressures corresponding roughly to those at the base of the Earth's continental crust.

/pdf/2-h-and-139-la-nmr-spectroscopy-in-aqueous-solutions-at-37yiud16l4.pdf

2) H and (139) La NMR Spectroscopy in Aqueous Solutions at Geochemical Pressures.

Low frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to noninvasively and nondestructively detect spoiled tomato concentrate stored in >200 L metal-lined containers. It is shown that longitudinal and transverse NMR relaxation times change as the tomato concentrate spoils. A rapid, viscosity-dependent spoilage detection method that takes advantage of the inherent inhomogeneity in single-sided NMR instruments is proposed. Here, the effective transverse magnetization decay rate is used as a parameter to determine tomato concentrate spoilage. Three different low frequency, single-sided NMR instruments are described and compared to determine the optimum sensor for spoiled tomato concentrate detection in large-format, metal-lined, aseptic containers. The most effective NMR sensor for this application is temperature stable and has large magnetic field gradients and a homogeneous magnetic field region offset >0.5 cm from the magnet surface. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This manuscript describes a noninvasive and nondestructive tomato concentrate spoilage detector for application to large-format, sealed, commercial storage bins.

Michele N. Martin

Papers

2) H and (139) La NMR Spectroscopy in Aqueous Solutions at Geochemical Pressures.

Noninvasive, Nondestructive Measurement of Tomato Concentrate Spoilage in Large-Volume Aseptic Packages.