Election data represent a precious source of information to study human behavior at a large scale. In proportional elections with open lists, the number of votes received by a candidate, rescaled by the average performance of all competitors in the same party list, has the same distribution regardless of the country and the year of the election. Here we provide the first thorough assessment of this claim. We analyzed election datasets of 15 countries with proportional systems. We confirm that a class of nations with similar election rules fulfill the universality claim. Discrepancies from this trend in other countries with open-lists elections are always associated with peculiar differences in the election rules, which matter more than differences between countries and historical periods. Our analysis shows that the role of parties in the electoral performance of candidates is crucial: alternative scalings not taking into account party affiliations lead to poor results.

/pdf/universality-in-voting-behavior-an-empirical-analysis-102b282rcj.pdf

Universality in voting behavior: an empirical analysis

Fabrication of new MIL-53(Fe)@TiO2 visible-light responsive adsorptive photocatalysts for efficient elimination of tetracycline

We study the statistics of turnout rates and results of the French elections since 1992. We find that the distribution of turnout rates across towns is surprisingly stable over time. The spatial correlation of the turnout rates, or of the fraction of winning votes, is found to decay logarithmically with the distance between towns. Based on these empirical observations and on the analogy with a two-dimensional random diffusion equation, we propose that individual decisions can be rationalised in terms of an underlying “cultural” field, that locally biases the decision of the population of a given region, on top of an idiosyncratic, town-dependent field, with short range correlations. Using symmetry considerations and a set of plausible assumptions, we suggest that this cultural field obeys a random diffusion equation.

Spatial correlations in vote statistics: a diffusive field model for decision-making

We study the statistics of turnout rates and results of the French elections since 1992. We find that the distribution of turnout rates across towns is surprisingly stable over time. The spatial correlation of the turnout rates, or of the fraction of winning votes, is found to decay logarithmically with the distance between towns. Based on these empirical observations and on the analogy with a two-dimensional random diffusion equation, we propose that individual decisions can be rationalised in terms of an underlying "cultural" field, that locally biases the decision of the population of a given region, on top of an idiosyncratic, town-dependent field, with short range correlations. Using symmetry considerations and a set of plausible assumptions, we suggest that this cultural field obeys a random diffusion equation.

Magnetic Prussian Blue derivative like absorbent cages for an efficient thallium removal

One of the most important properties in the systems is complexity. When a great level of complexity exists in a system, it is considered as a complex system. The complex systems can be soft systems and hard systems.

In hard systems when their elements are interrelated in a non-linear way, they are considered as complex systems, that is to say, complex systems are those that contain a great number of elements interacting in a non-linear way. To try to understand the behavior of this type of systems diverse mathematical tools have been developed. A new scientific discipline with great impact in the analysis of the complex systems has been developed in recent years; we refer to the fractal analysis. 
Voting data from Mexican federal deputy elections are analyzed and considered as a response function of a social system with underlying dynamics leading to complex behavior. It was found that voting distributions among candidates, as well as political parties behave as a fat-tail Levy stable distribution, associated with fractal structure of electoral network. Specifically, it is shown that the distribution of voter preferences follows the shifted Pareto distribution with scaling exponent α which shows only a few variations from state to state and it is essentially the same for all federal elections from 1991 to 2003. Furthermore, it is shown that Mexican voter network can be modeled by hierarchical pseudo-fractal network characterized by two different fractal dimensions. The identified hierarchical architecture of voter network offers a new perspective on the analysis, modeling and forecasting of elections.

Mexican Voter Network as a Dynamic Complex System

With China leading since 2012 global outbound travel, this paper introduces a Systemic Model for Chinese Outbound Market exemplifying with Mexico’s Case study, the seventh most visited country worldwide. Seeking to contribute increasing the applications of VSM, deepening its understanding and relevance stating proper functions integration to face Chinese Outbound Market leadership occurred in global tourism environment. First section of the manuscript introduces research objectives and gaps as well as document sources review discussion; second section details research design; third section covers proposed model and it’s functions’ operationalization, as well as network science analysis of information collected during an academical research stay on 2016 from Mexico National Polytechnic Institute to China Sun Yat Sen University Zhuhai Campus Tourism Faculty, and the Centrality measures found to confirm model pertinence.

Integrating VSM and Network Analysis for Tourism Strategies – Case: Mexico and the Chinese Outbound Market

http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/prode/v49n194/0301-7036-prode-49-194-61.pdf

Acumulación de capital y crecimiento estatal en México: un análisis con datos panel

An approach focused on incorporating semantic content into Geographic Information Systems is proposed. Our methodology is based on a conceptualization of a geospatial domain. The concepts are extracted automatically by analyzing the properties of geospatial objects (in this paper we are primarily focusing on geometrical and topological properties). The concepts are stored in the spatial database to support subsequent processing. The conceptualization of geometric properties is based on measures of geospatial objects. The measurement results obtained by the measurements are classified to obtain representative clusters of values in order to describe these properties. The values are used to define which concept better represents the properties of each object. The conceptualization of topological relations (special case of topological properties) is used to analyze and represent the topology in two levels: intrinsic and extrinsic. The use of semantics is fruitful in problems traditionally treated by numerical approaches.

Miguel Ángel Martínez

Papers

Magnetic Prussian Blue derivative like absorbent cages for an efficient thallium removal

Mexican Voter Network as a Dynamic Complex System

Integrating VSM and Network Analysis for Tourism Strategies – Case: Mexico and the Chinese Outbound Market

Acumulación de capital y crecimiento estatal en México: un análisis con datos panel

Incorporating semantics into GIS applications