Qualitative research is increasingly common in health services research (Shortell 1999; Sofaer 1999). Qualitative studies have been used, for example, to study culture change (Marshall et al. 2003; Craigie and Hobbs 2004), physician–patient relationships and primary care (Flocke, Miller, and Crabtree 2002; Gallagher et al. 2003; Sobo, Seid, and Reyes Gelhard 2006), diffusion of innovations and quality improvement strategies (Bradley et al. 2005; Crosson et al. 2005), novel interventions to improve care (Koops and Lindley 2002; Stapleton, Kirkham, and Thomas 2002; Dy et al. 2005), and managed care market trends (Scanlon et al. 2001; Devers et al. 2003). Despite substantial methodological papers and seminal texts (Glaser and Strauss 1967; Miles and Huberman 1994; Mays and Pope 1995; Strauss and Corbin 1998; Crabtree and Miller 1999; Devers 1999; Patton 1999; Devers and Frankel 2000; Giacomini and Cook 2000; Morse and Richards 2002) about designing qualitative projects and collecting qualitative data, less attention has been paid to the data analysis aspects of qualitative research. The purpose of this paper is to offer practical strategies for the analysis of qualitative data that may be generated from in-depth interviewing, focus groups, field observations, primary or secondary qualitative data (e.g., diaries, meeting minutes, annual reports), or a combination of these data collection approaches.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00684.x

Qualitative data analysis for health services research: developing taxonomy, themes, and theory.

Mixed methods research offers powerful tools for investigating complex processes and systems in health and health care. This article describes integration principles and practices at three levels in mixed methods research and provides illustrative examples. Integration at the study design level occurs through three basic mixed method designs—exploratory sequential, explanatory sequential, and convergent—and through four advanced frameworks—multistage, intervention, case study, and participatory. Integration at the methods level occurs through four approaches. In connecting, one database links to the other through sampling. With building, one database informs the data collection approach of the other. When merging, the two databases are brought together for analysis. With embedding, data collection and analysis link at multiple points. Integration at the interpretation and reporting level occurs through narrative, data transformation, and joint display. The fit of integration describes the extent the qualitative and quantitative findings cohere. Understanding these principles and practices of integration can help health services researchers leverage the strengths of mixed methods.

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Achieving Integration in Mixed Methods Designs—Principles and Practices

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

This article discusses some procedural issues related to the mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, which implies collecting and analyzing quantitative and then qualitative data in two consecutive phases within one study. Such issues include deciding on the priority or weight given to the quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis in the study, the sequence of the data collection and analysis, and the stage/stages in the research process at which the quantitative and qualitative data are connected and the results are integrated. The article provides a methodological overview of priority, implementation, and mixing in the sequential explanatory design and offers some practical guidance in addressing those issues. It also outlines the steps for graphically representing the procedures in a mixed-methods study. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory study of doctoral students’ persistence in a distance-learning program in educational leadership is used to illustrate the methodological dis...

Using Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design: From Theory to Practice

Qualitative research design can be complicated depending upon the level of experience a researcher may have with a particular type of methodology. As researchers, many aspire to grow and expand their knowledge and experiences with qualitative design in order to better utilize diversified research paradigms for future investigations. One of the more popular areas of interest in qualitative research design is that of the interview protocol. Interviews provide in-depth information pertaining to participants’ experiences and viewpoints of a particular topic. Often times, interviews are coupled with other forms of data collection in order to provide the researcher with a well-rounded collection of information for analyses. This paper explores the effective ways to conduct in-depth, qualitative interviews for novice investigators by employing a step-by-step process for implementation. Key Words: Informal Conversational Interview, General Interview Guide, OpenEnded Interviews

https://www.sjsu.edu/people/fred.prochaska/courses/ScWk242Spring2013/s2/Turner-2010-Qualitative-Interview-Design-A-practical-guide.pdf

Qualitative Interview Design: A Practical Guide for Novice Investigators

Nova edicao do conhecido livro sobre metodologia de pesquisa de Creswell. Originalmente pensado no campo da Educacao, o autor ficou muito conhecido tambem em Administracao. Nesta nova edicao, ele procura sair da dicotomia metodos quantitativos x qualitativos, com uma otima discussao adicional sobre metodos mistos. Como um todo, e uma obra excelente de referencia para cursos introdutorios de metodologia de pesquisa em programas de pos-graduacao.

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Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches

Cultura organizacional e cultura brasileira

This article approaches the issue of quality in scientific research within the management field in Brazil. More specifically, it deals with the criteria used in the country to review research presented in scientific conferences or published in journals. At first we discuss the recent quantitative growth of research in the Brazilian management realm, as well as the limitations of such research in terms of quality. Afterwards, we report an empirical investigation, conducted among Brazilian scientific outlets, senior scholars and referees in the field. Such investigation was focused on the utilization of research assessment criteria, and revealed significant diversity in terms of which criteria were used and in terms of the meaning they were given. As a response to such situation, we suggest an Assessment Criteria Model, which could be used to review scientific management research in Brazil. Such model is designed to be generic and adaptable to different contexts and objectives. It is our belief that, to strengthen the field of management research in Brazil, clear and well defined criteria need to be better established. We also believe that the moment has come - after the recent quantitative growth - for us to deeply examine the quality of Brazilian scientific research within the management domain.

/pdf/producao-cientifica-em-administracao-de-empresas-provocacoes-kzfknu1m4n.pdf

Produção científica em administração de empresas: provocações, insinuações e contribuições para um debate local

The growth in academic research in Business Administration in Brazil since 1980 has been recently investigated and questioned in several meta-studies, as can be found in the areas of Organization Theory, Marketing, Information Technology and Public Administration. Following this trend, this paper evaluates the academic production in Human Resources area in de the 90s. Representative academic research was considered to be the articles published in the most important brazilian journals - RAUSP, RAP, RAE and RAC - and presented at the Enanpad. For the 127 articles published in the periodicals and the 290 presented at the Enanpads, the paper investigates 4 variables: themes of interest, epistemological basis, methodological orientation and authorship. The results indicate that, even though production has significantly increased, the area has some serious issues to worry about: the thematic scope has been more and more disputed with Organizational Behavior area; the functionalist paradigm clearly dominates the scenario; methodological basis show problems as well, with an extensive utilization of single, illustrative case studies that merely replicates consolidated theory and that have, clearly, no intention of theory generation; low diversity in origin: more than 65% of the articles come from only 7 institutions.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rae/v43n1/v43n1a11.pdf

Produção acadêmica em recursos humanos no Brasil: 1991-2000

In this paper, the authors contrast complex thinking and reductionism in organizational transformation processes, focusing on enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. ERP has been promoted as a management panacea, and has resulted in immense investments by companies around the globe. Not surprisingly, many implementations fail to match expectations. For those dealing with organizational change, the ERP phenomenon may sound uncomfortably familiar: change theorists and practitioners have witnessed the coming and going of management panaceas for quite some time. This study presents an exploratory survey of 28 implementation experiences and discusses reductionism in the realm of ERP implementations. It is argued that by applying complex thinking we may open new avenues to explain these processes.

Miguel P. Caldas

Papers

Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches

Cultura organizacional e cultura brasileira

Produção científica em administração de empresas: provocações, insinuações e contribuições para um debate local

Produção acadêmica em recursos humanos no Brasil: 1991-2000

Reductionism and complex thinking during ERP implementations