2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

https://www.ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/10136/1/NN00512.PDF

Analysis of variance for functional data.

This work describes the R package GET that implements global envelopes for a general set of $d$-dimensional vectors $T$ in various applications. A $100(1-\alpha)$% global envelope is a band bounded by two vectors such that the probability that $T$ falls outside this envelope in any of the $d$ points is equal to $\alpha$. Global means that the probability is controlled simultaneously for all the $d$ elements of the vectors. The global envelopes can be employed for central regions of functional or multivariate data, for graphical Monte Carlo and permutation tests where the test statistic is multivariate or functional, and for global confidence and prediction bands. Intrinsic graphical interpretation property is introduced for global envelopes, and the global envelopes included in the GET package that have the property are described. Examples of different uses of global envelopes and their implementation in the GET package are presented, including global envelopes for single and several one- or two-dimensional functions, Monte Carlo goodness-of-fit tests for simple and composite hypotheses, comparison of distributions, graphical functional analysis of variance (ANOVA), and general linear model (GLM), and confidence bands in polynomial regression.

GET: Global envelopes in R

Veřejné finance v teorii a praxi

We propose a new approach to the problem of high-dimensional multivariate ANOVA via bootstrapping max statistics that involve the differences of sample mean vectors. The proposed method proceeds vi...

High-dimensional MANOVA via Bootstrapping and its Application to Functional and Sparse Count Data

A new functional ANOVA test, with a graphical interpretation of the result, is presented. The test is an extension of the global envelope test introduced by Myllymaki et al. (2017, Global envelope tests for spatial processes, J. R. Statist. Soc. B 79, 381-404, doi: 10.1111/rssb.12172). The graphical interpretation is realized by a global envelope which is drawn jointly for all samples of functions. If a mean function computed from the empirical data is out of the given envelope, the null hypothesis is rejected with the predetermined significance level $\alpha$. The advantages of the proposed one-way functional ANOVA are that it identifies the domains of the functions which are responsible for the potential rejection. We introduce two versions of this test: the first gives a graphical interpretation of the test results in the original space of the functions and the second immediately offers a post-hoc test by identifying the significant pair-wise differences between groups. The proposed tests rely on discretization of the functions, therefore the tests are also applicable in the multidimensional ANOVA problem. In the empirical part of the article, we demonstrate the use of the method by analyzing fiscal decentralization in European countries.

A one-way ANOVA test for functional data with graphical interpretation

A new functional ANOVA test, with a graphical interpretation of the result, is presented. The test is an extension of the global envelope test introduced by Myllymaki et al. (2017, Global envelope tests for spatial processes, J. R. Statist. Soc. B 79, 381--404, doi: 10.1111/rssb.12172). The graphical interpretation is realized by a global envelope which is drawn jointly for all samples of functions. If a mean function computed from the empirical data is out of the given envelope, the null hypothesis is rejected with the predetermined significance level $\alpha$. The advantages of the proposed one-way functional ANOVA are that it identifies the domains of the functions which are responsible for the potential rejection. We introduce two versions of this test: the first gives a graphical interpretation of the test results in the original space of the functions and the second immediately offers a post-hoc test by identifying the significant pair-wise differences between groups. The proposed tests rely on discretization of the functions, therefore the tests are also applicable in the multidimensional ANOVA problem. In the empirical part of the article, we demonstrate the use of the method by analyzing fiscal decentralization in European countries. The aim of the empirical analysis is to capture differences between the levels of government expenditure decentralization ratio among different groups of European countries. The idea behind, based on the existing literature, is straightforward: countries with a longer European integration history are supposed to decentralize more of their government expenditure. We use the government expenditure centralization ratios of 29 European Union and EFTA countries in period from 1995 to 2016 sorted into three groups according to the presumed level of European economic and political integration.

The article deals with the issue of tax decentralization to local government. The aim of the article is to describe the tax decentralization to local governments with respect to its possible determinants and to verify empirically the relevancy of theoretical factors generally explaining fiscal decentralization to the tax decentralization. The analysis is based on data panel of OECD-European covering the period of 1995 to 2013. Upon these data we build panel regression model. Estimated equations provide support for the hypotheses that the countries with larger geographical area tend to decentralize more tax revenue to local governments. Surprisingly, the slope parameters of population and population density have negative sign and are statistically significant. The real GDP per capita proved to be a significant factor of tax decentralization. The inequality of household income, as well as the share of urban population, although having correct sign, is not statistically significant. The size of redistribution function is highly statistically significant, suggesting that countries with higher redistribution decentralize more taxes to local government. The heterogeneity variable showed results with correct sign, where religious and language fractionalization were statistically significant. The very fact that the country is or is not federated or belong or not to group of Central and Eastern European Country seems to be unimportant for tax decentralization to local government level.

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/141430/1/85926422X.pdf

Factors of Tax Decentralization in OECD-Europe Countries

The model strategies discussed in this article represent different ways of possible village development in the Czech Republic. We used typologies of strategies from business strategic management for their definition. Twenty municipalities, where structured interviews were carried out with their mayors, were chosen randomly from among 100 villages where a questionnaire survey was conducted in 2012 (Faltova Leitmanova, et al., 2012). Based on the qualitative analysis of the structured interview summaries, eight model strategies were ascertained. These include integration strategy, service differentiation, spending cuts, usage of municipal property, stabilization of village population, business support, fundraising, and identification of the inhabitants with the village (village pride). The most commonly applied model strategy is integration, followed by village population stabilization.

/pdf/model-strategy-for-village-development-in-the-czech-republic-54zul1yhh3.pdf

Model strategy for village development in the Czech Republic

The theory of fiscal decentralization works with two principal issues of tax assignment to local governments, the issue of allocative efficiency and the issue of equity. The contemporary discussion of the tax assignment system in CR emphasizes the issue of overall tax revenue of local governments and the way of allocation of shared taxes, considering the position of small size municipalities. This paper analyses the redistribution effects of tax assignment in CR on the regional (NUTS 3) level.

/pdf/the-analysis-of-the-redistribution-effects-of-tax-assignment-2ckjyedly2.pdf

Milan Jílek

Papers

A one-way ANOVA test for functional data with graphical interpretation

A one-way ANOVA test for functional data with graphical interpretation

Factors of Tax Decentralization in OECD-Europe Countries

Model strategy for village development in the Czech Republic

The analysis of the redistribution effects of tax assignment on the regional level in CR