A new method of color moire fringe simulation in the contact-type 3-D displays is introduced. The method allows simulating color moires appearing in the displays, which cannot be approximated by conventional cosine approximation of a line grating. The color moires are mainly introduced by the line width of the boundary lines between the elemental optics in and plate thickness of viewing zone forming optics. This is because the lines are hiding some parts of pixels under the viewing zone forming optics, and the plate thickness induces a virtual contraction of the pixels. The simulated color moire fringes are closely matched with those appearing at the displays.

Color moiré simulations in contact-type 3-D displays

Large-scale autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) light-emitting-diode (LED) displays can provide high-quality, even immersive, visual experiences. However, the unique structural characteristics of the LED display panel can enhance moire effects during parallax generation. We present a novel method for quantitatively characterizing the moire effect in autostereoscopic 3D-LED displays using a model applying geometrical ray tracing and a brightness distribution stack. An optical diffuser (OD) device for moire reduction and performance balance is designed and the influence of several key device parameters on moire pattern features are examined in autostereoscopic 3D-LED displays for the first time. Using the obtained optimal parameters, we assembled an ultra-large moire-less autostereoscopic 3D-LED display prototype, which was experimentally shown to be capable of reducing moire fringes without noticeable increase in crosstalk or significant reduction in visual quality. Finally, the effects on the moire and crosstalk effect of altering key influencing factors were examined.

Ultra-large moiré-less autostereoscopic three-dimensional light-emitting-diode displays.

Photonic crystal scintillators and their methods of manufacture are provided. Exemplary methods of manufacture include using a highly-ordered porous anodic alumina membrane as a pattern transfer mask for either the etching of underlying material or for the deposition of additional material onto the surface of a scintillator. Exemplary detectors utilizing such photonic crystal scintillators are also provided.

Photonic crystal scintillators and methods of manufacture

The viewing zone of a contact-type multiview three-dimensional imaging system are divided into nine viewing regions by assuming that at least n−2 pixel cells can be viewed at each of the regions, where n is the total number of pixel cells in horizontal direction of a display panel. Each of these regions consists of m 2 subregions, where m is the number of pixels in the horizontal of a pixel cell. The image viewed at each of the subregions reveals a disparity of 1 pixel distance with that viewed at its adjacent subregion. Hence, each subregion is defined as a basic image cell that can provide the disparity of a pixel distance with its immediate neighbors. The width of the cell is independent of the focal length of the viewing zone forming optics but highly sensitive to the pixel size. It can be smaller than viewers’ pupil sizes by decreasing the pixel size.

Basic image cell in contact-type multiview three-dimensional imaging systems

Gold Nanoparticles Coated LIPSS on GaAs for Trace Detection of RDX and Tetryl

— Diffusers with different characteristics were inserted between the viewing-zone forming optics and the image display panel of a contact-type multiview 3-D imaging system to examine their effects on moire and cross-talk in the system. The diffusers are effective in reducing the moire but induce an increase in cross-talk in most cases. However, a diffuser with the characteristics of a 200-μm-pitch lenticular diffuser or a scatter plate used in mobile phones can be used to reduce moire because it does not cause any noticeable increase in the cross-talk but still preserves the image properties without using a diffuser. This means that a diffuser can be used to reduce moire in a contact-type multiview 3-D imaging system without significantly sacrificing image quality.

Moiré reduction by a diffuser in a multiview 3‐D imaging system

Holographic and light field displays are currently the most researched 3-D imaging technologies. It is considered that the two imaging provide continuous parallaxes so that they can create a natural viewing environment. The main difference of the two imaging lies in their light fields in front of the display panel. The light fields in holographic displays are formed by phase conjugated rays from each hologram point and the light field display by an ever expanding fan beam from each pixel.

Holographic and light field displays: What are the differences?

We fabricated photonic crystal structure on GaAs substrate using nanoporous alumina mask. Uniform arrays of nano-sized pores produced in anodic alumina were transferred into GaAs substrate by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE). The photonic crystal structure, the nanohole array with uniform diameter of 60 nm and interpore distance of 105 nm, was formed on GaAs substrate as replica of the alumina mask. Its photoluminescence (PL) showed enhanced intensity compared with that from GaAs substrate without its structure. The ICP-RIE technique using nanoporous alumina mask can be used as a prospective method in the fabrication of nano-devices for nanotechnology.

Enhancement of PL intensity by photonic crystal fabricated on GaAs substrate using nanoporous alumina mask

We developed an integral photography with parallax only in the horizontal direction, namely one-dimensional integral photography. For developing, 4K LCD and lenticular lenses were used for the display equipment. With regard to the reproduced three-dimensional image, a fixation point was provided to the camera array in the computer, and then a multi-view stereoscopic image was picked-up, pixel position conversion was performed, and an elemental image was generated on the LCD and displayed. The display characteristics of resolution and depth distance related to the prototyped one-dimensional integral photography were described. Furthermore, from the subjective evaluation experiment results, we described the degree of the influence of the reduction of vertical spatial frequency on the depth perception and the influence of the toed-in capturing method on the reproduction of the depth distance.

Min-Chul Park

Papers

Moiré reduction by a diffuser in a multiview 3‐D imaging system

Holographic and light field displays: What are the differences?

Enhancement of PL intensity by photonic crystal fabricated on GaAs substrate using nanoporous alumina mask

Reproducibility of depth distance by one-dimensional integral photography

A 3D Interactive Multi-View Image Display System Based on Distributive Network Processing