해외산업간호정보 - 미국 산업안전보건연구원(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) 소개

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Textbook Of Work Physiology Physiological Bases Of Exercise

Objectives This systematic review aimed to identify published observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures in occupational settings and evaluate them with reference to the needs of different users. Methods We searched scientific databases and the internet for material from 1965 to September 2008. Methods were included if they were primarily based on the systematic observation of work, the observation target was the human body, and the method was clearly described in the literature. A systematic evaluation procedure was developed to assess concurrent and predictive validity, repeatability, and aspects related to utility. At least two evaluators independently carried out this evaluation. Results We identified 30 eligible observational methods. Of these, 19 had been compared with some other method(s), varying from expert evaluation to data obtained from video recordings or through the use of technical instruments. Generally, the observations showed moderate-to-good agreement with the corresponding assessments made from video recordings; agreement was the best for large-scale body postures and work actions. Postures of wrist and hand as well as trunk rotation seemed to be more difficult to observe correctly. Intra- and inter-observer repeatability were reported for 7 and 17 methods, respectively, and were judged mostly to be moderate or good. Conclusions With training, observers can reach consistent results on clearly visible body postures and work activities. Many observational tools exist, but none evaluated in this study appeared to be generally superior. When selecting a method, users should define their needs and assess how results will influence decision-making.

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Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work

Background: Burnout has been presented as an antecedent of depression, but longitudinal data are lacking. We investigated whether burnout mediates the association between job strain and depressive symptoms. Methods: Two surveys were conducted. In 2003, 71% of Finnish dentists were reached, and the response rate of the 3-year followup was 84% (n=2555). Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory. The sequences ‘job strain–burnout–depressive symptoms’ and ‘job strain–depressive symptoms–burnout’ were investigated with logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the burnout sufferers without depressive symptoms at baseline, 23% reported depressive symptoms at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio of burnout for depressive symptoms was 2.6 (95% CI 2.0–3.5). The effect of job strain on depressive symptoms had an OR of 3.4 (95% CI 2.0–5.7), but it disappeared when adjusted for burnout. Of those who had depressive symptoms without burnout at baseline, 63% had burnout at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio of depressive symptoms for burnout was 2.2 (95% CI 1.4–3.4). The effect of job strain on burnout had an OR of 27.9 (95% CI 6.5–120.2) for the men and 4.9 (95% CI 2.5–9.6) for the women. These effects remained significant after adjustment for depressive symptoms. Limitations: The study was conducted among one occupational group. Conclusions: There is a reciprocal relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms. Job strain predisposes to depression through burnout. In comparison, job strain predisposes to burnout directly and via depression. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Research report Job strain, burnout, and depressive symptoms: A prospective study among dentists

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/47237/cdc_47237_DS1.pdf

Low Back Pain Prevalence and Related Workplace Psychosocial Risk Factors: A Study Using Data From the 2010 National Health Interview Survey

Objective:To evaluate whether the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (RNLE) is a valid tool for assessing risk of low back pain (LBP) due to manual lifting by using combined data from two cross-sectional studies of 1-year prevalence.Methods:Results from a symptom and occupational history questionnaire a

Efficacy of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation to Predict Risk of Low Back Pain Due to Manual Lifting: Expanded Cross-Sectional Analysis

A sequential manual lifting job is defined as a job where workers rotate between a series of manual lifting rotation slots or elements at specified time intervals during the course of a work shift. The original NIOSH lifting equation lacked a method for assessing the physical demands of these types of jobs. This paper presents the sequential lifting index (SLI), a new conceptual method for assessing the physical demands for sequential manual lifting jobs. The new method is similar to the composite lifting index (CLI) method that was provided by NIOSH for assessing multi-task jobs. The SLI method expands upon the methods originally provided by NIOSH by providing a simple method for estimating the relative magnitude of physical stress for sequential manual lifting jobs. It should also be useful in assisting safety and health specialists to prioritize or rank hazardous jobs within a plant.

New procedure for assessing sequential manual lifting jobs using the revised NIOSH lifting equation.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation (RNLE) to predict risk of low-back pain (LBP). Background: In 1993, NIOSH published the RNLE as a risk assessment method for LBP associated with manual lifting. To date, there has been little research evaluating the RNLE as a predictor of the risk of LBP using a prospective design. Methods: A total of 78 healthy industrial workers’ baseline LBP risk exposures and self-reported LBP at one-year follow-up were investigated. The composite lifting index (CLI), the outcome measure of the RNLE for analyzing multiple lifting tasks, was used as the main risk predictor. The risk was estimated using the mean and maximum CLI variables at baseline and self-reported LBP during the follow-up. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates that included personal factors, physical activities outside of work, job factors, and work-related psychosocial characteristics. Results: The one-year self-reported LBP incidence was 32.1%. After controlling for history of prior LBP, supervisory support, and job strain, the categorical mean and maximum CLI above 2 had a significant relationship (OR = 5.1–6.5) with self-reported LBP, as compared with the CLI below or equal to 1. The correlation between the continuous CLI variables and LBP was unclear. Conclusions: The CLI > 2 threshold may be useful for predicting self-reported LBP. Research with a larger sample size is needed to clarify the exposure–response relationship between the CLI and LBP.

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Efficacy of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation to Predict Risk of Low-Back Pain Associated With Manual Lifting: A One-Year Prospective Study

Exoskeleton devices are being introduced across several industry sectors to augment, amplify, or reinforce the performance of a worker's existing body components-primarily the lower back and the upper extremity. Industrial exoskeletons may play a role in reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders arising from lifting and handling heavy materials or from supporting heavy tools in overhead work. However, wearing an exoskeleton may pose a number of risks that are currently not well-studied. There are only a few studies about the safety and health implications of wearable exoskeletons and most of those studies involve only a small number of participants. Before the widespread implementation of industrial exoskeletons occurs, there is need for prospective interventional studies to evaluate the safety and health effectiveness of exoskeletons across various industry sectors. Developing a research strategy to fill current safety and health knowledge gaps, understanding the benefits, risks, and barriers to adoption of industrial exoskeletons, determining whether exoskeleton can be considered a type of personal protective equipment, and advancing consensus standards that address exoskeleton safety, should be major interests of both the occupational safety and health research and practice communities.

Industrial exoskeletons: Need for intervention effectiveness research

http://iesys.skku.ac.kr/es/International%20Journal/13.pdf

Ming-Lun Lu

Papers

Efficacy of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation to Predict Risk of Low Back Pain Due to Manual Lifting: Expanded Cross-Sectional Analysis

New procedure for assessing sequential manual lifting jobs using the revised NIOSH lifting equation.

Efficacy of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation to Predict Risk of Low-Back Pain Associated With Manual Lifting: A One-Year Prospective Study

Industrial exoskeletons: Need for intervention effectiveness research

An investigation of hand forces and postures for using selected mechanical pipettes