International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2003の要求清浄度について － シリコンウエハ表面と雰囲気環境に要求される清浄度, 分析方法の現状について －

In this paper we present a review of the most current avenues of research into Kinect-based elderly care and stroke rehabilitation systems to provide an overview of the state of the art, limitations, and issues of concern as well as suggestions for future work in this direction. The central purpose of this review was to collect all relevant study information into one place in order to support and guide current research as well as inform researchers planning to embark on similar studies or applications. The paper is structured into three main sections, each one presenting a review of the literature for a specific topic. Elderly Care section is comprised of two subsections: Fall detection and Fall risk reduction. Stroke Rehabilitation section contains studies grouped under Evaluation of Kinect’s spatial accuracy, and Kinect-based rehabilitation methods. The third section, Serious and exercise games, contains studies that are indirectly related to the first two sections and present a complete system for elderly care or stroke rehabilitation in a Kinect-based game format. Each of the three main sections conclude with a discussion of limitations of Kinect in its respective applications. The paper concludes with overall remarks regarding use of Kinect in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation applications and suggestions for future work. A concise summary with significant findings and subject demographics (when applicable) of each study included in the review is also provided in table format.

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Systematic review of Kinect applications in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation

This paper reviews technical and clinical impact of the Microsoft Kinect in physical therapy and rehabilitation. It covers the studies on patients with neurological disorders including stroke, Parkinson’s, cerebral palsy, and MS as well as the elderly patients. Search results in Pubmed and Google scholar reveal increasing interest in using Kinect in medical application. Relevant papers are reviewed and divided into three groups: (1) papers which evaluated Kinect’s accuracy and reliability, (2) papers which used Kinect for a rehabilitation system and provided clinical evaluation involving patients, and (3) papers which proposed a Kinect-based system for rehabilitation but fell short of providing clinical validation. At last, to serve as technical comparison to help future rehabilitation design other sensors similar to Kinect are reviewed.

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A Review on Technical and Clinical Impact of Microsoft Kinect on Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Microsoft Kinect, a low-cost motion sensing device, enables users to interact with computers or game consoles naturally through gestures and spoken commands without any other peripheral equipment. As such, it has commanded intense interests in research and development on the Kinect technology. In this paper, we present, a comprehensive survey on Kinect applications, and the latest research and development on motion recognition using data captured by the Kinect sensor. On the applications front, we review the applications of the Kinect technology in a variety of areas, including healthcare, education and performing arts, robotics, sign language recognition, retail services, workplace safety training, as well as 3D reconstructions. On the technology front, we provide an overview of the main features of both versions of the Kinect sensor together with the depth sensing technologies used, and review literatures on human motion recognition techniques used in Kinect applications. We provide a classification of motion recognition techniques to highlight the different approaches used in human motion recognition. Furthermore, we compile a list of publicly available Kinect datasets. These datasets are valuable resources for researchers to investigate better methods for human motion recognition and lower-level computer vision tasks such as segmentation, object detection and human pose estimation.

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A Survey of Applications and Human Motion Recognition with Microsoft Kinect

In the past 2 decades, researchers have demonstrated the potential for virtual reality (VR) technologies to provide engaging and motivating environments for stroke rehabilitation interventions. Much of the research has been focused on the exploratory phase, and jumps to intervention efficacy trials and scale-up evaluation have been made with limited understanding of the active ingredients in a VR intervention for stroke. The rapid pace of technology development is an additional challenge for this emerging field, providing a moving target for researchers developing and evaluating potential VR technologies. Recent advances in customized games and cutting-edge technology used for VR are beginning to allow for researchers to understand and control aspects of the intervention related to motivation, engagement, and motor control and learning. This article argues for researchers to take a progressive, step-wise approach through the stages of intervention development using evidence-based principles, take advantage of the data that can be obtained, and utilize measurement tools to design effective VR interventions for stroke rehabilitation that can be assessed through carefully designed efficacy and effectiveness trials. This article is motivated by the recent calls in the field of rehabilitation clinical trials research for carefully structured clinical trials that have progressed through the phases of research.

Considerations in the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Moving the Field Forward

Stroke is a major cause of severe physical disability, leading into a variety of impairments. In general, stroke rehabilitation is a process which requires intensive direct physical therapy and is usually guided by physiotherapists. The long and intensive therapy sessions often results in patients losing the motivation to continue with the therapy, and as a result patients do not recover to their prospective. With increasing occurrence of stroke incidence, therapists are under pressure for time. At present most of the rehabilitation programmes are highly human intensive. Thus an innovative game technology that supports stroke rehabilitation may provide new opportunities. The main objective of this paper is to present a new low cost game framework for stroke rehabilitation programme that would increase patients' motivation for therapy, and also to study the feasibility and effect of a new game based technology to support hand and leg rehabilitation. In this paper, some important new game design principles for hand and leg rehabilitation with a standard angle based representation of the full body motion during exercise, for improving the accuracy of stroke exercise are presented. The design of serious games, with important game design principle frequently linked with worthy user engagement, may offer perceptions into how more effective systems can be developed for stroke rehabilitation. The additional bio-signal and online database will enable evaluation of patient s movement performance.

A low-cost game framework for a home-based stroke rehabilitation system

This paper presents an approach to reconstruct 3D objects using Genetic Algorithm (GA) from a 2D image. In the proposed method GA evolve 3D initial models to a target object by means of comparisons between images generated from the models and image of target object. Promising results were achieved reconstructing simple 3D geometric objects. This technique is useful for creating random model by using 3D primitives. For initial experiments we have selected sphere, cube, and cone. The experimental results shows that proposed method generate 3-D model automatically as compared to conventional methods for generating 3-D models.

3D Reconstruction of geometry from 2D image using Genetic Algorithm

Data grids provide groundwork for huge, data-intensive applications that produce enormous data. Data replication increases the availability and reliability of data by providing identical copies of the replicated files distributed at grid sites across the world. Typically these data grid sites vary in their capabilities and their abilities to provide different levels of QoS. Replica selection in data grids remains a significant challenge and requires more attention because the current algorithms do not offer balanced QoS levels and the mechanism of rating QoS parameters. In this paper, we proposed a new replica selection strategy Known as Balanced QoS Replica Selection Strategy (BQSS), which based on a sound mathematical model and supporting metric to measure balanced QoS time, availability and security (BTAS). Computer simulation performance results demonstrate that the BQSS performs best when compared to the competitor's D-system.

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Balanced QoS Replica Selection Strategy to Enhance Data Grid

The firewall deployments have become a favorite research area within IT world. The design of framework and the algorithm of rule set can affect the overall performance of the filtering system. This review paper discusses some of the unique researches to build an effective and efficient filtering model. The application level and system level performance must work in efficient manner to build up a fast and accurate filtering process. The mechanism or how the packet is processed from being received at the physical layer or the network card until further processed by the application layer support software such as an IDS is highly influential for overall packet filtering infrastructure.

Review of various firewall deployment models

In this study, we examined the effect of perfectionism on learning programming using different computer applications, and the levels of motivational and attainment Three representative multimedia-oriented programming tools are used: Visual Basic Express, Scratch and a 2D-Programmable PyGame Based Computer Game A total of 591 of secondary school students located in Perak region were sampled The respondents were categorized according to the degree of perfectionisms using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionisms Scale (FMPS) We found that there were significant differences in both motivational and attainment levels between different programming learning tools Specifically, for both low-positive and high-positive perfectionist groups, the students who use Scratch and PyGame tend to score high in the motivational and attainment variables when compared to the Visual Basic Express Scratch and PyGame seem to be more attractive and thus make learning programming more effective Our findings provide insights to educators in schools who are selecting and using appropriate software for teaching programming courses

Mohamed Nordin Zakaria

Papers

A low-cost game framework for a home-based stroke rehabilitation system

3D Reconstruction of geometry from 2D image using Genetic Algorithm

Balanced QoS Replica Selection Strategy to Enhance Data Grid

Review of various firewall deployment models

Secondary students' perfectionism and their response to different programming learning tools