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The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable

Microgrids as a resilience resource and strategies used by microgrids for enhancing resilience

Smart charging of electric vehicles with photovoltaic power and vehicle-to-grid technology in a microgrid; a case study

State-of-the-art review on power grid resilience to extreme weather events: Definitions, frameworks, quantitative assessment methodologies, and enhancement strategies

Mobile power sources (MPSs), including electric vehicle fleets, truck-mounted mobile energy storage systems, and mobile emergency generators, have great potential to enhance distribution system (DS) resilience against extreme weather events. However, their dispatch is not well investigated. This paper implements resilient routing and scheduling of MPSs via a two-stage framework. In the first stage, i.e., before the event, MPSs are pre-positioned in the DS to enable rapid pre-restoration, in order to enhance survivability of the electricity supply to critical loads. DS network is also proactively reconfigured into a less impacted or stressed state. A two-stage robust optimization model is constructed and solved by the column-and-constraint generation algorithm to derive first-stage decisions. In the second stage, i.e., after the event, MPSs are dynamically dispatched in the DS to coordinate with conventional restoration efforts, so as to enhance system recovery. A novel mixed-integer programming model that resolves different timescales of MPS dispatch and DS operation, coupling of road and power networks, etc., is formulated to optimize dynamic dispatch of MPSs. Case studies conducted on IEEE 33-node and 123-node test systems demonstrate the proposed method’s effectiveness in routing and scheduling MPSs for DS resilience enhancement.

Routing and Scheduling of Mobile Power Sources for Distribution System Resilience Enhancement

This paper analyzes the notion of resilience in power systems from a fundamental viewpoint and thoroughly examines its practical implications. This paper aims to describe and classify different high-impact rare (HR) events, provide a more technical definition of power system resilience, and discuss linkages between resilience and other well-established concepts, such as security and reliability. Most relevant decisions of system operators in the face of HR events involve a significant level of stress and strain. In order to make informed decisions within this context, it is crucial to have an all-inclusive picture of the state of the system. This paper provides an appropriate framework that not only characterizes the various states of the system but also derives informed decisions from a resilience-oriented perspective. It also describes and analyzes diverse resilience improvement strategies. Comprehensive models and classifications are provided to clearly capture various aspects of power system resilience.

Toward a Consensus on the Definition and Taxonomy of Power System Resilience

This paper presents a microgrid (MG) proactive management framework to cope with adverse impacts of extreme windstorms. Upon receiving alerts for the forecasted windstorm, the framework finds a conservative schedule of MG with the minimum number of vulnerable branches in service while total load is served. The schedule ensures the MG normal operation prior to the windstorm while reducing the MG vulnerability at the event onset. The proposed method makes benefit of network reconfiguration, generation reschedule, conservation voltage regulation, optimal parameter settings of droop-controlled units, demand-side resources, and backup generation capacity. A vulnerability index is defined to assess the effectiveness of the proposed proactive management in reducing the MG vulnerability at the event onset. The proposed model is linearized that guarantees simplicity, robustness, and computational efficiency of the solution. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on a real-scale MG against a windstorm.

Resilience-Oriented Proactive Management of Microgrids Against Windstorms

Metrics and quantitative framework for assessing microgrid resilience against windstorms

This letter proposes a proactive scheduling for resilience enhancement of microgrids (MGs). Just ahead of the flood arrival, the MG is shifted to a state less impacted and stressed by the upcoming event. To do this, vulnerable components are first recognized. Tripping out all vulnerable components, proactive measures are employed to minimize the preventive load curtailment. The solution is then applied as the proactive schedule of MG which is robust against the flood threat. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined on a real-scale MG.

Towards Proactive Scheduling of Microgrids Against Extreme Floods

Proactive preparedness is the key necessity of power systems to successfully cope with high-impact rare (HR) events. A resilience-oriented proactive methodology is proposed in this paper, which aims at enhancing the preparedness of multiple energy carrier microgrids (MECMs) against an approaching hurricane. First, the hurricane-originated contingency chain of MECM is characterized, which is different from that of single energy carrier distribution networks. The contingency chain includes natural gas interruption within the MECM, islanding event, and hurricane landfall on MECM. The pre-event scheduling horizon is then defined from the first alert declaration of hurricane to the worst-case (the earliest instant) of hurricane landfall on MECM. The preparedness index is defined as the sum of electric and thermal energy storage at the end of the scheduling horizon. Enhancing the proposed preparedness index will be at the expense of additional load curtailment during the scheduling horizon. Thus, a compromise is made between the two conflicting objectives (preparedness index and load supply) via a multi-objective optimization problem. An integrated gas and electricity power flow is proposed in a linear computationally efficient fashion capable of modeling gas interruption and islanding event. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is examined on a real-scale MECM.

Mohammad Hassan Amirioun

Papers

Toward a Consensus on the Definition and Taxonomy of Power System Resilience

Resilience-Oriented Proactive Management of Microgrids Against Windstorms

Metrics and quantitative framework for assessing microgrid resilience against windstorms

Towards Proactive Scheduling of Microgrids Against Extreme Floods

Resilience-Promoting Proactive Scheduling Against Hurricanes in Multiple Energy Carrier Microgrids