http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/78793/1/Progress%20in%20chemical-looping%20combustion%20and%20ref....2012.pdf

Progress in chemical-looping combustion and reforming technologies

In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coal (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.

Carbon capture and storage update

It is well known that urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the rapidly increasing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are a major contributor to the formation of secondary pollutants (e.g., tropospheric ozone, PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate), and secondary organic aerosols) and photochemical smog. The emission of these pollutants has led to a large decline in air quality in numerous regions around the world, which has ultimately led to concerns regarding their impact on human health and general well-being. Catalytic oxidation is regarded as one of the most promising strategies for VOC removal from industrial waste streams. This Review systematically documents the progresses and developments made in the understanding and design of heterogeneous catalysts for VOC oxidation over the past two decades. It addresses in detail how catalytic performance is often drastically affected by the pollutant sources and reaction conditions. It also highlights the primary routes for catalyst deactivation and discusses protocols for their subsequent reactivation. Kinetic models and proposed oxidation mechanisms for representative VOCs are also provided. Typical catalytic reactors and oxidizers for industrial VOC destruction are further discussed. We believe that this Review will provide a great foundation and reference point for future design and development in this field.

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Recent Advances in the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds: A Review Based on Pollutant Sorts and Sources.

Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels

Adsorption of VOCs onto engineered carbon materials: A review

Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – A review

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) for inherent CO2 separations—a review

Algae have recently received growing attention given its prospects as a source of renewable energy and its potential for CO2 capture. Algae culture is of increasing value given that: (i) algae can be cultivated on non-agricultural land using wastewater, (ii) algae can provide a high yield on a per unit of light irradiated area, (iii) algae growth requires CO2 and nutrients that can be obtained from wastewater and fossil fuel combustion and (iv) algae contains high oil and starch making possible the production of high quality biodiesel. Thus, algae culture can contribute to CO2 fixation, wastewater treatment and can be a source of bioenergy. This article presents a critical review, focusing on various microalgae species that consume CO2 and nutrients from wastewater, and provide high quality biofuel. In this respect, a number of relevant topics are discussed in this review: (a) the media for algae culture, (b) the photobioreactor, (c) the associated wastewater treatment processes, (d) the CO2 capture mechanism and (e) microalgal harvesting. This review also considers various aspects of the biomass processing such as (a) lipid extraction, (b) thermodynamics of the produced biomass conversion, (c) biomass gasification, (d) biodiesel production, (e) catalysts, (f) reaction pathways/mechanisms and (g) reaction kinetics.

Integrated CO2 capture, wastewater treatment and biofuel production by microalgae culturing—A review

Biological CO 2 fixation and wastewater treatment by using microalgae has recently received growing interest. Microalgae can be cultivated in photobioreactors by utilizing CO 2 from point sources such as power plants, cement manufacturing facilities and waste water from industrial, municipal, dairy facilities. These processes can provide the nutrient sources for sunlight microalgae photosynthesis. Thus, microalgae culture can contribute simultaneously to both CO 2 fixation and wastewater treatment. This article presents a critical review, focusing on various photobioreactors and microalgae species cultures in wastewater that can capture high amounts of CO 2 and provide high quality biofuel. In this respect, a number of relevant topics are discussed in this review: a) current wastewater treatment processes, b) wastewater treatment using microalgae, c) classification of photobioreactors, d) microalgae growth parameters and d) the CO 2 capture mechanism.

Biological CO2 fixation with production of microalgae in wastewater – A review

This study deals with the development of a bimetallic Co-Ni/Al2O3 oxygen carrier suitable for a fluidized bed chemical-looping combustion process. Temperature programmed characterization shows that the addition of Co enhances the reducibility of the oxygen carrier by influencing the metal-support interactions helping the formation of reducible nickel species. Reactive characterization of the prepared oxygen carriers in a CREC fluidized riser simulator, using multiple reduction/oxidation cycles, demonstrates that the Co-Ni/Al2O3 particles display excellent reactivity and stability. The addition of Co in the bimetallic Co-Ni/Al2O3 influences the state of the surface minimizing the formation of nickel aluminate. The addition of Co also inhibits metal particle agglomeration by maintaining consistent metal dispersion during the cyclic oxidation/reduction processes. A solid-state kinetics for both reduction and oxidation cycles is established using a clarified Avrami-Erofeev model at nonisothermal conditions. This random nucleation model describes solid phase changes adequately. The activation energy for Co-Ni/Al2O3 reduction is found to be significantly lower than the activation energy for the unpromoted Ni/Al2O3 sample, with this observation confirming the positive influence of adding Co on the Ni-Al2O3 oxygen carrier. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007

Mohammad M. Hossain

Papers

Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – A review

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) for inherent CO2 separations—a review

Integrated CO2 capture, wastewater treatment and biofuel production by microalgae culturing—A review

Biological CO2 fixation with production of microalgae in wastewater – A review

Reactivity and stability of Co‐Ni/Al2O3 oxygen carrier in multicycle CLC