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Properties Of Concrete

The environmental problems associated with the production, disposal and recycling of synthetic fibre based polymer composites has prompted the development of eco-friendly natural fibres. It involves use of kenaf, jute, oil palm, cotton, flax, banana, hemp, sisal and pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) for various applications such as automotive, infrastructure, biomedical, furniture, packaging etc. PALF will be important in material development for structural and non structural industrial products with other natural and synthetic fibres with different matrix. This review paper deals with the mechanical properties evaluation of PALF and several factors influencing properties such as type of variety, fibre length, matrix type, fibre orientation, voids and porosity content. Recent research in the advancement of mechanical properties of PALF as reinforcement in thermoset, thermoplastic and biodegradable resins are briefly provided. Attempts have been made to characterize PALF as a hybrid composite with other natural and synthetic fibres. Surface treatments to improve the interfacial and interphasial PALF - matrix interaction with consideration of coupling agents for mechanical strength improving requirements are discussed. Along with limitations, technical solutions to the traditional problems of natural fibre composite processing, tensile properties improvement, durability, thermal stability and interfacial incompatibility enhancement are discussed. Overall, this review article investigates highlights and identifies gaps in the earlier research work. It provides the resourceful tabulated data for continuing future research in various streams with PALF as reinforcement.

Review on mechanical properties evaluation of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced polymer composites

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys posse’s great potential for the application of biodegradable medical implants. It is due to their unique properties like low density and elastic modulus, good biocompatibility, etc. But still there are many challenges for Mg alloy based implants. Due to rapid degradation of Mg and its alloys in biological fluid, it loses its mechanical integrity and fails to perform before the complete healing of bone fracture (in orthopedics application) or removal of plaque in arteries (in case of vascular implants). Using suitable alloying elements mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of Mg-alloys can be enhanced but cytotoxicity and long term inflammatory consequences of these elements are the major concern. Further modifying the surface characteristics of Mg-alloy through various surface coating, machining, mechanical working, etc., corrosion behaviour can be manipulated. In this field of biodegradable implants, the various opportunities are yet to be explored in detail t...

Challenges and opportunities for biodegradable magnesium alloy implants

Characteristics of thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar blend: Thermal, tensile, and physical properties.

Effect of seaweed on mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of thermoplastic sugar palm starch/agar composites.

This study investigates the mechanical properties of high impact polypropylene
composite reinforced with pineapple leaf fibre from the Josapine cultivar as a function of
fibre loading. PLF was extracted by using a pineapple leaf fibre machine and then an
alkaline treatment was conducted to enhance the properties. Samples of the composite
were fabricated with 100 mm fibre length with five different fibre loadings of PLF (30,
40, 50, 60 and 70 wt%). The fabrication was made by a compression moulding technique
with unidirectional fibre orientation. Related tests such as tensile, hardness and density
tests were conducted to determine the effect of fibre loading. The experimental data
showed that the composite with the 60 wt% fibre loading offered the highest value of
tensile strength, which was about 309%, and the Young’s modulus was about 540%
compared to 0 wt% of PLF loading. Meanwhile, the hardness and density of the PLF/PP
composites showed very similar values, with small increments from 30 wt% up to 70 wt%
PLF loading compared to 0 wt% of PLF loading. The highest values are 65.38 Shore-D
and 1.002 g/cm³ respectively. The results also revealed that PLF from the Josapine
cultivar with alkaline treatment greatly influences the mechanical properties of PLF/PP
composite.

/pdf/mechanical-properties-of-polypropylene-composites-reinforced-2cbhlqgfyc.pdf

Mechanical properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with alkaline treated pineapple leaf fibre from Josapine cultivar

Natural fibers have become an important issue in the development of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite to resolve the current ecological and environmental problems. Among the many types of natural fibers that are available, pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) was selected as the natural fiber used in this study due to comparatively better mechanical properties, ease of availability and low cost. In this work, the effects of pineapple leaf fiber (PLF) loading on the properties of PLF/polypropylene (PP) composites was studied. The sample of composites was fabricated with five different fiber loading of PLF (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 wt.%). An alkaline treatment was conducted to enhance the PLF properties. The fabrication was made by compression molding technique with random orientation of PLF. From the experimental study, the results revealed that the voids percentage and interfacial bonding between the PLF and PP affected the mechanical properties of the PLF/PP composite. Based on the results of tensile stress, hardness and density, it can be concluded that the PLF/PP composite with the composition ratio of 30/70 wt.% has shown the best mechanical properties compared to other composition ratios (40/60, 50/50, 60/40 and 70/30 wt.%), which are 16.71 MPa, 62.83 Shore-D and 0.93 g/cm³ respectively.

Effect of pineapple leaf fiber loading on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber - polypropylene composite

Effect of wire electrical discharge machining (wire-EDM) cutting on fatigue strength of an extruded AZ61 magnesium alloy at room temperature was investigated. The surface condition of the samples after the wire-EDM cutting process is compared to the samples which have undergone careful polishing on their surfaces. A series of high cycle fatigue tests are performed on both the wireEDM as-cut and polished samples with constant amplitude stress at the frequency of 10 Hz. Fractographic analyses were conducted on the tested samples to identify the mechanism of fatigue fracture. The finding show that the fatigue limit of wireEDM as-cut specimen is 20 MPa lower as compared to smoothly polished specimens. Fatigue cracks are found to initiate and propagate to final failure from a cutting pit on the wire-EDM as-cut specimens.

/pdf/effect-of-wire-edm-cutting-on-fatigue-strength-of-az61-3stbuw31yt.pdf

Effect of wire-edm cutting on fatigue strength of az61 magnesium alloy

Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Magnesium Alloy under Impact Loading Conditions

In Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), bipolar plate is considered one of the most important components. Bipolar plate has a multi-functional in the fuel cell stack. The materials used in producing bipolar plate are greatly affecting its final properties. Through this study, the properties of bipolar plate composite will be observed. The based composition of this composite is 80% for multi-filler material and 20% binder material. Polypropylene (PP) will be used as binder material and for filler materials, Graphite (Gr) is the main filler and for the second filler materials its will vary with the usage of Carbon Black (CB), Iron (Fe), and Aluminum (Al) powder. The formation of this composite is produced through compression molding. The effect of different filler material loading on the properties such as electrical conductivity, bulk density and shore hardness are observed. The result showed the increasing of electrical conductivity as the increased the CB and Fe loading. But for Al, the result showed the decreasing of electrical conductivity as the loading of Al has been increased. Meanwhile the usage of CB clearly shown an improvement in electrical conductivity and able to meet the DOE target properties for development of PEMFC bipolar plate.

Mohd Ahadlin Mohd Daud

Papers

Mechanical properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with alkaline treated pineapple leaf fibre from Josapine cultivar

Effect of pineapple leaf fiber loading on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber - polypropylene composite

Effect of wire-edm cutting on fatigue strength of az61 magnesium alloy

Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Magnesium Alloy under Impact Loading Conditions

Effect of Different Filler Materials in the Development of Bipolar Plate Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)