Purposeful sampling is widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of information-rich cases related to the phenomenon of interest. Although there are several different purposeful sampling strategies, criterion sampling appears to be used most commonly in implementation research. However, combining sampling strategies may be more appropriate to the aims of implementation research and more consistent with recent developments in quantitative methods. This paper reviews the principles and practice of purposeful sampling in implementation research, summarizes types and categories of purposeful sampling strategies and provides a set of recommendations for use of single strategy or multistage strategy designs, particularly for state implementation research.

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Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research.

Qualitative methods for health research , Qualitative methods for health research , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

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Qualitative methods for health research

This chapter is about methods for managing and analyzing qualitative data. By qualitative data the authors mean text: newspapers, movies, sitcoms, e-mail traffic, folktales, life histories. They also mean narratives--narratives about getting divorced, about being sick, about surviving hand-to-hand combat, about selling sex, about trying to quit smoking. In fact, most of the archaeologically recoverable information about human thought and human behavior is text, the good stuff of social science.

Data Management and Analysis Methods

The author suggests that we apply recent research knowledge to improve our conceptualization, measures, and methodology for studying the effects of teachers’ professional development on teachers and students. She makes the case that there is a research consensus to support the use of a set of core features and a common conceptual framework in professional development impact studies. She urges us to move away from automatic biases either for or against observation, interviews, or surveys in such studies. She argues that the use of a common conceptual framework would elevate the quality of professional development studies and subsequently the general understanding of how best to shape and implement teacher learning opportunities for the maximum benefit of both teachers and students.

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Improving Impact Studies of Teachers’ Professional Development: Toward Better Conceptualizations and Measures

Global virtual teams are internationally distributed groups of people with an organizational mandate to make or implement decisions with international components and implications. They are typically assigned tasks that are strategically important and highly complex. They rarely meet in person, conducting almost all of their interaction and decision making using communications technology. Although they play an increasingly important role in multinational organizations, little systematic is known about their dynamics or effectiveness. This study built a grounded theory of global virtual team processes and performance over time. We built a template based on Adaptive Structuration Theory (DeSanctis and Poole 1994) to guide our research, and we conducted a case study, observing three global virtual teams over a period of 21 months. Data were gathered using multiple methods, and qualitative methods were used to analyze them and generate a theory of global virtual team dynamics and effectiveness. First, we propose that effective global virtual team interaction comprises a series of communication incidents, each configured by aspects of the team's structural and process elements. Effective outcomes were associated with a fit among an interaction incident's form, decision process, and complexity. Second, effective global virtual teams sequence these incidents to generate a deep rhythm of regular face-to-face incidents interspersed with less intensive, shorter incidents using various media. These two insights are discussed with respect to other literature and are elaborated upon in several propositions. Implications for research and practice are also outlined.

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Bridging Space Over Time: Global Virtual Team Dynamics and Effectiveness

Book Review: Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook (2nd Ed.)

Sufficient conditions for effective treatment of substance abusing homeless persons

No statistical differences were found in the moderator variables of age, gender, eth nicity, stroke location, amount of initial aspiration, or presence/absence of a cough reflex. Using a t-test for independent means, a significant difference (p = 0.03) oc curred between groups on average intake of thickened liquids.Conclusion : Until further larger scale research utilizing water intake with known aspirators is conducted, it is recommended that water (and ice chips) be given presently only in instances of patient refusal to drink thickened liquids or when hydration is sues cause medical concern.

A Randomized Control Study to Determine the Effects of Unlimited Oral Intake of Water in Patients with Identified Aspiration

Purpose The purpose of this research was to examine the effectiveness of a cultural competency training program designed to improve the knowledge and skills of health care providers and administrators engaging in cross-cultural, clinical encounters Methods We conducted an evaluation study among 43 health care professionals (health care providers and health administrators) who attended a 4-hour cultural competency workshop We used a post-then-pre method of self-reported evaluation to answer a key question: Does cultural competency training produce a measurable change in knowledge and skills relating to the care of patients from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds? Results The study findings suggest that there are statistically significant change in participants’ self-report of knowledge and skills related to cultural competency Conclusions Our study shows that a cultural competency training program that integrates key topics as recommended by the Institute of Medicine and includes Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care standards improves the knowledge and skills of health care providers and administrators Following the training, the participants self-reported not only an enhanced understanding of the health care experiences of patients with diverse backgrounds, but also an improvement in their skills to effectively work in cross-cultural situations In addition, our study offers a reliable, innovative, and time-efficient strategy—post-then-pre method—for evaluating the outcomes of 4-hour cultural competency training programs

Molly Engle

Papers

Book Review: Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook (2nd Ed.)

Sufficient conditions for effective treatment of substance abusing homeless persons

A Randomized Control Study to Determine the Effects of Unlimited Oral Intake of Water in Patients with Identified Aspiration

Cultural competency in health care: evaluating the outcomes of a cultural competency training among health care professionals.

From Needs Assessment to Action: Transforming Needs into Solution Strategies