Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the modern notion of short-term memory, called working memory. Working memory refers to the temporary maintenance of information that was just experienced or just retrieved from long-term memory but no longer exists in the external environment. These internal representations are short-lived, but can be maintained for longer periods of time through active rehearsal strategies, and can be subjected to various operations that manipulate the information in such a way that makes it useful for goal-directed behavior. Working memory is a system that is critically important in cognition and seems necessary in the course of performing many other cognitive functions, such as reasoning, language comprehension, planning, and spatial processing. This chapter demonstrates the functional importance of dopamine to working memory function in several ways. Elucidation of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying human working memory is an important focus of cognitive neuroscience and neurology for much of the past decade. One conclusion that arises from research is that working memory, a faculty that enables temporary storage and manipulation of information in the service of behavioral goals, can be viewed as neither a unitary, nor a dedicated system. Data from numerous neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies in animals and humans demonstrates that a network of brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, is critical for the active maintenance of internal representations.

Chapter 11 Working memory

Bcl-2 and related cytoplasmic proteins are key regulators of apoptosis, the cell suicide program critical for development, tissue homeostasis, and protection against pathogens. Those most similar to Bcl-2 promote cell survival by inhibiting adapters needed for activation of the proteases (caspases) that dismantle the cell. More distant relatives instead promote apoptosis, apparently through mechanisms that include displacing the adapters from the pro-survival proteins. Thus, for many but not all apoptotic signals, the balance between these competing activities determines cell fate. Bcl-2 family members are essential for maintenance of major organ systems, and mutations affecting them are implicated in cancer.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/281/5381/1322.full.pdf

The Bcl-2 Protein Family: Arbiters of Cell Survival

Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases.

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed, protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that control intracellular events including acute responses to hormones and major developmental changes in organisms. MAP kinases lie in protein kinase cascades. This review discusses the regulation and functions of mammalian MAP kinases. Nonenzymatic mechanisms that impact MAP kinase functions and findings from gene disruption studies are highlighted. Particular emphasis is on ERK1/2.

/pdf/mitogen-activated-protein-map-kinase-pathways-regulation-and-3nsauvepr2.pdf

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions.

Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer: How Are They Linked?

The present invention describes novel methods, assays and kits for identifying and/or quantifying Aminoglycoside Binding Molecules (ABMs), enzymes modifying such molecules, and compounds modulating the interaction between ABMs and either enzymes or aminoglycosides, by exploiting the scintillation proximity effect. The invention, which makes use of aminoglycoside-coated scintillating supports, can be adapted to high throughput screening formats.

Method and kit for identifying and/or quantifying radiolabeled aminoglycoside binding molecules

The present invention is related to benzazole derivatives notably for use as pharmaceutically active compounds, as well as to pharmaceutical formulations containing such benzazole derivatives. Said benzazole derivatives are efficient modulators of the JNK pathway, they are in particular efficient and selective inhibitors of JNK2 and/or 3. The present invention is furthermore related to novel benzazole derivatives as well as to methods of their preparation. 
X is O, S or NR 0 , with R 0 being H or an unsubstantiated or substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
 
G is an unsubstantiated or substituted pyrimidinyl group.

Method of inhibiting the expression and/or the activity of jnk

La presente invention concerne des derives de benzazole representes par la formule (I) dans laquelle, X est O, S ou NR0, avec R0 etant H ou un alkyle en C?1?-C6 Non substitue ou substitue; et G est un groupe pyrimidinyle non substitue ou substitue. Ces derives sont utilises en tant que composes pharmaceutiquement actifs. L'invention concerne egalement des formulations pharmaceutiques renfermant de tels derives de benzazole. Lesdits derives sont des modulateurs efficaces de la voie JNK ainsi que des inhibiteurs particulierement efficaces et selectifs de JNK2 et/ou 3.

Montserrat Camps

Papers

Method and kit for identifying and/or quantifying radiolabeled aminoglycoside binding molecules

Method of inhibiting the expression and/or the activity of jnk

Derives de benzazole actifs au plan pharmaceutique