https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/768408.pdf

Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites

Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene additives have long been considered as exciting prospects among nanotechnology applications. However, after nearly two decades of work in the area, questions remain about the practical impact of nanotube and graphene composites. This uncertainty stems from factors that include poor load transfer, interfacial engineering, dispersion, and viscosity-related issues that lead to processing challenges in such nanocomposites. Moreover, there has been little effort to identify selection rules for the use of nanotubes or graphene in composite matrices for specific applications. This review is a critical look at the status of composites for developing high-strength, low-density, high-conductivity materials with nanotubes or graphene. An outlook of the different approaches that can lead to practically useful nanotube and graphene composites is presented, pointing out the challenges and opportunities that exist in the field.

Composites with carbon nanotubes and graphene: An outlook

Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-184271doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.08.001View record in Web of Science Record created on 2013-02-27, modified on 2017-05-10

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

The ground-breaking demonstration of the electric field effect in graphene reported more than a decade ago prompted the strong push towards the commercialization of graphene as evidenced by a wealth of graphene research, patents and applications. Graphene flake production capability has reached thousands of tonnes per year, while continuous graphene sheets of tens of metres in length have become available. Various graphene technologies developed in laboratories have now transformed into commercial products, with the very first demonstrations in sports goods, automotive coatings, conductive inks and touch screens, to name a few. Although challenges related to quality control in graphene materials remain to be addressed, the advancement in the understandings of graphene will propel the commercial success of graphene as a compelling technology. This Review discusses the progress towards commercialization of graphene for the past decade and future perspectives. This Review reflects on the 15 years of advances in the field of 2D materials towards commercialization of graphene and its future perspectives.

Path towards graphene commercialization from lab to market.

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Introduction To Polymers

The Mechanics of Reinforcement of Polymers by Graphene Nanoplatelets

Polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon-based nanofillers are gaining increasing interest for a number of applications due to their excellent properties. The understanding of the reinforcing mechanisms is, therefore, very important for the maximization of performance. This present review summarizes the current literature status on the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with graphene-related materials (GRMs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and identifies the parameters that clearly affect the mechanical properties of the final materials. It is also shown how Raman spectroscopy can be utilized for the understanding of the stress transfer efficiency from the matrix to the reinforcement and it can even be used to map stress and strain in graphene. Importantly, it is demonstrated clearly that continuum micromechanics that was initially developed for fibre-reinforced composites is still applicable at the nanoscale for both GRMs and CNTs. Finally, current problems and future perspectives are discussed.

/pdf/mechanisms-of-mechanical-reinforcement-by-graphene-and-12zottvnjw.pdf

Mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement by graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites

In this work, a series of graphene-reinforced thermoplastic elastomers were prepared, with the introduction of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) of different particle diameter. Their microstructures were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified by polarised Raman spectroscopy. Τhe GNPs were well-dispersed and their orientation across the cross-section of the injection moulded samples was consistent with the shear rate profile of fountain flow mechanism. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated by tensile testing and it was found that the GNPs contributed to significant improvements in both the stiffness and strength. A micromechanical model based on the combination of shear-lag theory and the rule-of-mixtures was introduced to analyse the stiffening mechanisms. Τhe effective aspect ratio of GNPs was in the order of 100 and decreased with increasing filler loading due to agglomeration. Finally, the stress transfer efficiency from the matrix to GNPs was evaluated by observing the Raman band shifts under tension.

/pdf/micromechanics-of-reinforcement-of-a-graphene-based-4aqy9b1jam.pdf

Micromechanics of reinforcement of a graphene-based thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposite

Hybrid poly(ether ether ketone) composites reinforced with a combination of carbon fibres and graphene nanoplatelets

The microstructure of a graphene-reinforced tennis racquet has been analysed using a combination of optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the main structural components in the racquet frame are high-strength carbon fibres in an epoxy resin matrix. It is also found that graphene-based nanoparticles are used to reinforce resin-rich regions in the shaft of the racquet at the discontinuity in the fibre tows, where the handle is joined to the racquet head. From a detailed analysis of the relative positions and intensities of the Raman G and 2D bands, it is demonstrated that the nanoparticles employed in the racquet are most probably graphite nanoplatelets which have been added to improve the mechanical properties of the resin-rich regions. The nomenclature used for describing graphene-based materials is also discussed in the context of this present study.

/pdf/the-microstructure-of-a-graphene-reinforced-tennis-racquet-1wcj995y9l.pdf

Mufeng Liu

Papers

The Mechanics of Reinforcement of Polymers by Graphene Nanoplatelets

Mechanisms of mechanical reinforcement by graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites

Micromechanics of reinforcement of a graphene-based thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposite

Hybrid poly(ether ether ketone) composites reinforced with a combination of carbon fibres and graphene nanoplatelets

The microstructure of a graphene-reinforced tennis racquet