Optical sensors are a class of devices that enable the identification and/or quantification of analyte molecules across multiple fields and disciplines such as environmental protection, medical diagnosis, security, food technology, biotechnology, and animal welfare. Nanoporous photonic crystal (PC) structures provide excellent platforms to develop such systems for a plethora of applications since these engineered materials enable precise and versatile control of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. Nanoporous PCs provide both high sensitivity to monitor in real-time molecular binding events and a nanoporous matrix for selective immobilization of molecules of interest over increased surface areas. Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA), a nanomaterial long envisaged as a PC, is an outstanding platform material to develop optical sensing systems in combination with multiple photonic technologies. Nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs) provide a versatile nanoporous structure that can be engineered in a multidimensional fashion to create unique PC sensing platforms such as Fabry–Perot interferometers, distributed Bragg reflectors, gradient-index filters, optical microcavities, and others. The effective medium of NAA-PCs undergoes changes upon interactions with analyte molecules. These changes modify the NAA-PCs’ spectral fingerprints, which can be readily quantified to develop different sensing systems. This review introduces the fundamental development of NAA-PCs, compiling the most significant advances in the use of these optical materials for chemo- and biosensing applications, with a final prospective outlook about this exciting and dynamic field.

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Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals for Optical Chemo- and Biosensing: Fundamentals, Advances, and Perspectives.

Features of entropy optimization on viscous second grade nanofluid streamed with thermal radiation: A Tiwari and Das model

Analysis of electronic, magnetic and half-metallic properties of L21-type (Co2Mn0.5Fe0.5Sn) Heusler alloy nanowires synthesized by AC-electrodeposition in AAO templates

Physical attributes of bio-convection in nanofluid flow through a paraboloid of revolution on horizontal surface with motile microorganisms

Stratification is characterized as having applications in a variety of energy storage disciplines, including solar thermal energy usage systems. The effect of heat production, magnetic field, and varied fluid characteristics on the flow of Casson fluid across unstratified and stably stratified paraboloid of revolution is investigated in this work. The velocity index m<1 is suitable to describe the fluid flow on an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution. It is imperative to mention that the upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution is likened to the pointed surface of an aircraft which is also described as a surface with variable thickness. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation. The dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved with the help of the Bvp4c numerical algorithm. The effects of relevant parameters are revealed on various profiles and discussed. It is observed that both the temperature and concentration distributions decrease with increase in thermal stratification St and solutal stratification So parameters when the velocity index parameter m<1. 

The significance of exponential space-based heat generation and variable thermophysical properties on the dynamics of Casson fluid over a stratified surface with non-uniform thickness

Energy analysis of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over parabola of revolution on the horizontal surface with catalytic chemical reaction

The Co1−X
 Sn
 X
 (X = 0.3–0.7) alloy nanowires with high density and uniform size were prepared by alternating current (AC) electrodeposition into anodized aluminum oxide templates using different AC potential from 9 to 17 V. The diameter and length of CoSn nanowires is found to be 170 nm and 1 µm, respectively, using SEM images. The formation of CoSn nanowires has been confirmed by using EDX analysis. The XRD data of all samples demonstrate the hexagonal structure of CoSn nanowires and other phase is also observed. The grain size of nanowires increases with the increase in potentials observed from the slight shift in diffraction angle toward higher values. The hysteresis curves of CoSn nanowires measured using vibrating sample magnetometer show isotropic and ferromagnetic behavior due to presence of diffuse magnetic moments and cobalt contents, respectively. When AC potential increases gradually in equal intervals, the deposition of magnetic ions decreases than that of non-magnetic ions as a result coercivity (H
 C) and saturation magnetization (M
 S) decreases. The substitution of more magnetic ions into CoSn alloy nanowires is found due to the increase in potential after the critical voltage (11–13 V) causing disintegration of magnetic domains, formation of defect clusters and nanostructure islands enhancing the density sites of domain walls. The increase in coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) is attributed to the formation of pinning sites that obstruct the motion of domain walls due to the increase in number density of magnetic grain boundaries and phase boundaries.

Influence of voltage variation on structure and magnetic properties of Co 1- x Sn x ( X = 0.3-0.7) nanowire alloys in alumina by electrochemical deposition

Caching strategies can improve the overall performance of a system by allowing the fast processor and slow memory to at a same pace. One important factor in caching is the replacement policy. Advancement in technology results in evolution of a huge number of techniques and algorithms implemented to improve cache performance. In this paper, analysis is done on different cache optimization techniques as well as replacement algorithms. Furthermore this paper presents a comprehensive statistical comparison of cache optimization techniques.To the best of our knowledge there is no numerical measure which can tell us the rating of specific cache optimization technique. We tried to come up with such a numerical figure. By statistical comparison we find out which technique is more consistent among all others. For said purpose we calculated mean and CV (Coefficient of Variation). CV tells us about which technique is more consistent. Comparative analysis of different techniques shows that victim cache has more consistent technique among all.

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Muhammad Awais

Papers

Energy analysis of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over parabola of revolution on the horizontal surface with catalytic chemical reaction

Influence of voltage variation on structure and magnetic properties of Co 1- x Sn x ( X = 0.3-0.7) nanowire alloys in alumina by electrochemical deposition

Cache Memory: An Analysis on Replacement Algorithms and Optimization Techniques

Voltage dependent physical, dielectric and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co1−xMnx alloy nanowires