Neosporosis in animals--the last five years.

Emphasizes the judgemental elements of interpretation in clinical pathology, hematology, clinical chemistry, and cytology. Features over 100 case histories covering all species. Each chapter, exclusive of those on technique, has a brief introduction followed by case discussions. Cases presented exemplify laboratory alterations associated with the disease affecting the system under review, and some cases can be used for self-evaluation.

Veterinary clinical pathology

Waterborne toxoplasmosis--recent developments.

Amebiasis, due to the pathogenic parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is a leading cause of diarrhea globally. Largely an infection of impoverished communities in developing countries, amebiasis has emerged as an important infection among returning travelers, immigrants, and men who have sex with men residing in developed countries. Severe cases can be associated with high case fatality. Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis is increasingly available but remains underutilized. Nitroimidazoles are currently recommended for treatment, but new drug development to treat parasitic agents is a high priority. Amebiasis should be considered before corticosteroid therapy to decrease complications. There is no effective vaccine, so prevention focuses on sanitation and access to clean water. Further understanding of parasite biology and pathogenesis will advance future targeted therapeutic and preventative strategies.

A Review of the Global Burden, New Diagnostics, and Current Therapeutics for Amebiasis.

Herbal medicines, a guide for health-care professionals: Carol A. Newall, Linda A. Anderson, J. David Phillipson, The Pharmaceutical Press, London, 1996

The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship of age to body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC), number of pixels of testicular ultrasonograms (NP), and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls. The study was based on 128 Sahiwal bulls of different age groups (from 0 to >100 months of age). Bulls were evaluated for SC, BW, and NP. Semen was evaluated once a week for five consecutive weeks from regularly collected donor bulls (n = 86) ranging in age from 25–30 to >100 months. Ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, percent live sperms, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and normal acrosome were compared among different age groups. Mean SC and BW increased (P 100 months of age. Mean NP of testicular ultrasonograms increased (P 100 months of age. Body weight, SC, and NP were positively correlated with age from birth until >100 months (r = 0.91, 0.87, and 0.40, respectively). Ejaculate volume (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.6 ± 0.09 ml) and sperm concentration (1,281.6 ± 17.7 vs. 1,115.8 ± 55.9 × 106/ml) increased (P < 0.05) in mature bulls compared to younger ones. However, motility (68.6 ± 0.3%), plasma membrane integrity (50.8 ± 1.0%), and normal acrosome (74.8 ± 0.5%) remained insignificant due to age. In six of eight age groups studied, morphological abnormalities were well within the range (18.1 ± 0.3%). In conclusion, the BW, SC, and NP of testicular ultrasonograms, ejaculate volume, and concentration increased with age. Moreover, semen quality is fairly independent of age except volume and concentration in Sahiwal bulls.

Relationship of age to body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular ultrasonograms, and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls.

Epidemiological studies were undertaken at slaughterhouses, livestock farms and veterinary hospitals under the different climatic conditions existing in Punjab province. Infection rate of haemonchosis was 35.44, 38.04 and 36.83 per cent, respectively in slaughtered sheep and goats, sheep and goats at livestock farms and at veterinary hospitals. Overall the highest (43.69%) seasonal prevalence in all types of sheep and Goats was recorded during summer; followed by autumn (38.46%), spring (37.12%), while the lowest (28.79%) was recorded during winter. It was noticed that animals of either sex are equally affected. A higher infection rate was recorded in animals below 9 months than above 9 months of age and did not show any significant difference.

/pdf/epidemiology-of-haemonchosis-in-sheep-and-goats-under-53a642t7lv.pdf

Epidemiology of Haemonchosis in sheep and Goats under different managemental conditions

Prevalence and chemotherapy of Balantidium coli in cattle in the River Ravi region, Lahore (Pakistan).

The purpose of the present study was to obtain seroepidemiological information on the Neospora caninum infection status of sheep and goats in different areas of Punjab Province and Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). A cross-sectional study, with the use of a competitive ELISA, showed an overall 27.7% (35 of 128) (95% confidence interval [CI] ± 7.7%) and 8.6% (13 of 142) (95% CI ± 4.6%) seroprevalence of N. caninum antibodies in sheep and goats, respectively. The difference in seroprevalence between sheep and goat populations was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The highest prevalence (37.4% ± 13.2%) was recorded in the tailless breed of sheep.

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-98/issue-1/GE-2863.1/Prevalence-of-Neospora-caninum-Antibodies-in-Sheep-and-Goats-in/10.1645/GE-2863.1.pdf

Prevalence of Neospora caninum Antibodies in Sheep and Goats in Pakistan

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) was assessed in the Lahore District of Punjab Province, Pakistan. The study revealed an overall prevalence of 54.7% for N. caninum antibodies determined through a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed on randomly collected serum samples. The highest prevalence was observed in buffaloes >3–5 yr of age (64.1%), followed by 57.9% for 5 to 6 yr olds, and 55.8% in 1-yr-old neonates, with high probability of infection under intensive dairy farming conditions. The pattern of prevalence was closely associated with the season as reflected by the highest prevalence (70.5%) in summer (May–August) and lowest (39.6%) in winter (November–January). Aborting buffaloes illustrated significantly higher (78.9%) exposure compared with non-aborting dams (59.8%). Prevalence in animals with canine contact was significantly higher (60.3%) than without contact (48.1%). This is the first reported prevalence of N. caninum in Pakistan.

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-97/issue-3/GE-2687.1/Seroprevalence-of-Neospora-caninum-in-Dairy-Buffaloes-in-Lahore-District/10.1645/GE-2687.1.pdf

Muhammad Sarwar Khan

Papers

Relationship of age to body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular ultrasonograms, and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls.

Epidemiology of Haemonchosis in sheep and Goats under different managemental conditions

Prevalence and chemotherapy of Balantidium coli in cattle in the River Ravi region, Lahore (Pakistan).

Prevalence of Neospora caninum Antibodies in Sheep and Goats in Pakistan

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in Dairy Buffaloes in Lahore District, Pakistan