A critical review of low salinity water flooding: Mechanism, laboratory and field application

https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/176654859/MARAC_1_s2.0_S0920410519303869_main.pdf

Mechanisms of smart waterflooding in carbonate oil reservoirs - A review

Laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that dispersion coefficients evaluated by fitting advection-dispersion transport models to nonreactive tracer breakthrough curves do not adequately describe colloid transport under the same flow field conditions. Here an extensive laboratory study was undertaken to assess whether the dispersivity, which traditionally has been considered to be a property of the porous medium, is dependent on colloid particle size and interstitial velocity. A total of 48 colloid transport experiments were performed in columns packed with glass beads under chemically unfavorable colloid attachment conditions. Nine different colloid diameters and various flow velocities were examined. The breakthrough curves were successfully simulated with a mathematical model describing colloid transport in homogeneous, water-saturated porous media. The experimental data set collected in this study demonstrated that the dispersivity is positively correlated with colloid particle size, and increases with increasing velocity. The dispersivity values determined in this laboratory study were compared with 380 dispersivity values from earlier laboratory and field-scale solute, colloid and biocolloid transport studies published in the literature.

Colloid particle size-dependent dispersivity

Formation damage evaluation of a sandstone reservoir via pore-scale X-ray computed tomography analysis

The formation damage issue is considered as the substantial phenomenon in petroleum industries when the produced water re-injection (PWRI) taken into the operational performance. Due to the current complexities of the interaction between the mechanical and petrophysical properties, and water quality is of importance. Regarding the previous research articles which clearly shown that only a little amount of oil droplets in the injected water would cause severe potential damages. However, there are several experimental evaluations are taken into the report to emphasize the importance of this issue, the objective of this paper to propose an analytical and mathematical model to predict the injectivity decline behavior which is in good agreement with the experimental data. To do this, two types of experimental data from Ottawa and SiC sandpack are used to model a time-dependent progression of water permeability decrease in the linear flow. As a result, the increase of captured oil saturation, the amount of permeability has reduced regarding the relationship of relative permeability drainage. Furthermore, this reduction would be stabilized when the equilibrium oil saturation was controlled by the injection velocity and the size of oil droplets.

Mathematical modeling of injectivity damage with oil droplets in the waste produced water re-injection of the linear flow

Effects of fines migration on oil displacement by low-salinity water

Imaging analysis of fines migration during water flow with salinity alteration.

Effect of temperature on mineral reactions and fines migration during low-salinity water injection into Berea sandstone


 Recent experimental studies show that fines migration effect in sandstone rocks is more prominent at higher temperature. However, increased fines migration is generally attributed to temperature dependant zeta potential. In this study, laboratory studies were designed to investigate if mineral dissolution induced more fines migration at high temperatures.
 In this experimental study, Berea sandstone core samples are used and performed single-phase flooding experiments at three temperatures, 25°C, 50°C and 70°C. Core samples are characterized using X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) before the flooding experiments. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis are also conducted to identify the changes of rock surface before and after the flooding experiments. All core samples are subjected to single-phase injections of water at salinities 40, 10, 2.5, 0.5 and 0g/L NaCl. To calculate permeabilities, pressure drops are recorded using pressure transducer during the flooding experiments. The produced water is collected and used to measure the concentration of produced fines. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is applied to analyze the types of produced minerals in each experiment.
 The analysis of produced water showed that an increase in Ca ions at 50°C and 70°C. Chemical reation led to dissolution of carbonate minerals increasing pore opening. Therefore, the permeability damage due to fines migration is less pronounced at high temperatures.

Effect of Temperature on Fines Migration during Water Disposal

In monarchE and Postoperative Therapy with Endocrine and TS‐1 (POTENT) trials, abemaciclib and S‐1 have, respectively, shown to be effective as adjuvant therapies for luminal breast cancer (BC), although whether patients who meet the criteria are at high risk of recurrence compared to non‐eligible patients is still unknown. Here, we investigated recurrence risk according to the criteria of each trial in Japanese patients.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cam4.6006

Muhan Yu

Papers

Effects of fines migration on oil displacement by low-salinity water

Imaging analysis of fines migration during water flow with salinity alteration.

Effect of temperature on mineral reactions and fines migration during low-salinity water injection into Berea sandstone

Effect of Temperature on Fines Migration during Water Disposal

Less necessity of adjuvant S‐1 treatment in non‐monarchE‐eligible patients