The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

This book succeeds Review of Medical Pharmacology , by Meyers, Jawetz, and Goldfien. Edited by B. G. Katzung, some of the important areas covered include drug receptors and pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics of absorption and biotransformation of drugs, autonomic pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor stimulants and antagonists, antihypertensive agents, cardiac glycosides and other agents used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, therapeutic drugs for cardiac arrhythmias, diuretics, pharmacology of the CNS drugs such as anticonvulsants and anesthetics, antidepressants, narcotic analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, endocrine pharmacology, antimicrobial and antimycobacterial drugs, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic drugs, cancer chemotherapy, and drugs and the immune system. Written by several prominent researchers and scientists, each chapter begins with a section on the basic pharmacology, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the agents under discussion. This is followed by a section on clinical pharmacology, which deals with relevant information regarding the clinical use of drugs on the various

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology

THIS text-book of pharmacognosy has already found wide recognition among teachers and students of pharmacy. Its subject matter has grown from a laboratory manual intended for use in practical classes, and now comprises the requirements for the Chemist and Druggist Qualifying Examination of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. A Textbook of Pharmacognosy By T. C. Denston. Fourth edition. Pp. xviii + 594. (London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, Ltd., 1945.) 27s. 6d. net.

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A Textbook of Pharmacognosy

The therapeutic use of natural herbs is an ancient human civilization act and the numbers of people have reliance on their pharmacological properties and preferred to use the natural herbs. People also use to consume these herbs as supplements to energize, bolster, and eventually enhance sexual ability. Polyherbal formulation (PHF) is one of these herbal amalgams that can be used to treat sexual dysfunction including erectile dysfunction, impotence, ejaculation dysfunction, and hypogonadism. The pilot study was aimed at evaluating the capacity of PHF in enhancing the spermatogenic potential of oligospermic patients. Thirty-six male patients with oligospermia were enrolled and randomized either to treatment (n = 23) with PHF (750 mg/d in three doses for 90 days) or to placebo (n = 13) in the same protocol. The preintervention semen analysis was compared with posttreatment semen analysis. Based on the postintervention semen analysis, patients were advised to undergo either in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to assess their fertility status. After polyherbal treatment, there was a 256% increase in sperm concentration (9.59 ± 4.37 × 106/mL to 25.61 ± 8.6 × 106/mL; P ≤0.001), 154% increase in semen volume (1.7 ± 0.14 mL to 4.32 ± 0.38 mL; P ≤0.001), and 215% increase in sperm motility (15.43 ± 2.40% to 48.65 ± 5.10%; P ≤ 0.001) on day 90 from baseline. Furthermore, a significant improvement and regulation were also observed in serum hormone levels with PHF treatment as compared to the placebo group. The present study demonstrated the evidence on synergistic spermatogenic effect of PHF as attributed in ayurveda for the treatment of oligospermia leading to infertility.

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Evaluation of the Spermatogenic Activity of Polyherbal Formulation in Oligospermic Males.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/195435.pdf

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. - A phytochemical and pharmacological review

Aim: To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and the aphrodisiac potential of the aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Rubiaceae) stem in male albino rats. Methods: The aqueous stem extract of the plant was screened for phytochemical constituents. Male rats were orally dosed with 18 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of the extract at 24 h intervals and their sexual behavior parameters and serum testosterone concentration were evaluated at days 1, 3 and 5. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids and saponins while anthraquinones and flavonoids are weakly present. All the doses resulted in significant increase in mount frequency, intromission frequency and significantly prolonged the ejaculatory latency (P < 0.05) and reduced mount and intromission latency (P < 0.05). There was also a significant increase in serum testosterone concentrations in all the groups in a manner suggestive of dose-dependence (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem increased the blood testosterone concentrations and this may be the mechanism responsible for its aphrodisiac effects and various masculine behaviors. It may be used to modify impaired sexual functions in animals, especially those arising from hypotestosteronemia. (Asian J Androl 2005 Dec; 7: 399-404)

/pdf/aphrodisiac-potentials-of-the-aqueous-extract-of-fadogia-2hw9l3otig.pdf

Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. Ex Hiern) stem in male albino rats.

Hematological evaluation in male albino rats following chronic administration of aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem

Sexual dysfunction, that is the repeated inability to achieve normal sexual intercourse, which include various forms like premature ejaculation, retrograded, retarded or inhibited ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, arousal difficulties (reduced libido), compulsive sexual behaviour, orgasmic disorder and failure of detumesence, are on the increase world wide because of aging population and other increasing etiological factors. Several management options employed are associated with some serious side effects not readily available and are expensive. The search for natural supplement from medicinal plants is being intensified probably, because of its reduced side effect, its ready availability and reduced cost. Therefore, the increasing search for medicinal plants with aphrodisiac potentials has necessitated the need to review methods available for screening medicinal plants with aphrodisiac potentials in males.

Male Sexual Dysfunction and Methods used in Assessing Medicinal Plants with Aphrodisiac Potentials

The present study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic properties of aqueous leaves extract of Leonotis leonurus in streptozotocin (45 mg/kg intraperitoneal) induced diabetic rats for 15 days. The induced diabetic rats exhibited high blood glucose level, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides accompanied with weight loss while the level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was very low. In addition, the water intake was remarkably high while feed intake was decreased as compared with normal control group. The continuous oral administration of the extract at the dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg for 15 days was able to lower the blood glucose level, HDL, feed and water intake while that of LDL was increased. Also, the weight loss of diabetic rats (31 g) after extract treatment was near that of glibenclamide treated groups. The extract yielded high phenolics content (48 mg/g tannic acid equivalent) and flavonoids (4.8 mg/g quercetin equivalent). These compounds have been reported to potentiate insulin secretion. The present study revealed that aqueous extract of L. leonurus possesses antihyperglycemia and antilipidemic potential and thus could support ethnotherapeutic usage of this plant.

https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380538471_Oyedemi et al.pdf

Musa Toyin Yakubu

Papers

Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. Ex Hiern) stem in male albino rats.

Hematological evaluation in male albino rats following chronic administration of aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem

Male Sexual Dysfunction and Methods used in Assessing Medicinal Plants with Aphrodisiac Potentials

Antidiabetic activities of aqueous leaves extract of Leonotis leonurus in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Androgenic potentials of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata (G. Don) Bullock ex Hoyl. stem in male Wistar rats