Cyclodextrin Drug Carrier Systems.

ContextAdiponectin, a recently discovered adipocyte-derived peptide, is involved
in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and lipid oxidation and, purportedly,
in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in humans.ObjectiveTo assess prospectively whether plasma adiponectin concentrations are
associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsNested case-control study among 18 225 male participants of the
Health Professionals Follow-up Study aged 40 to 75 years who were free of
diagnosed cardiovascular disease at the time of blood draw (1993-1995). During
6 years of follow-up through January 31, 2000, 266 men subsequently developed
nonfatal MI or fatal coronary heart disease. Using risk set sampling, controls
were selected in a 2:1 ratio matched for age, date of blood draw, and smoking
status (n = 532).Main Outcome MeasureIncidence of nonfatal MI and fatal coronary heart disease by adiponectin
level.ResultsAfter adjustment for matched variables, participants in the highest
compared with the lowest quintile of adiponectin levels had a significantly
decreased risk of MI (relative risk [RR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI],
0.23-0.64; P for trend <.001). Additional adjustment
for family history of MI, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity,
and history of diabetes and hypertension did not substantively affect this
relationship (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24-0.70; P for
trend <.001). Further adjustment for hemoglobin A1c or C-reactive
protein levels also had little impact, but additional adjustment for low-
and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels modestly attenuated this association
(RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32-0.99; P for trend = .02).ConclusionsHigh plasma adiponectin concentrations are associated with lower risk
of MI in men. This relationship can be only partly explained by differences
in blood lipids and is independent of inflammation and glycemic status.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/198539/JOC32354.pdf

Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men

Background Vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in humans Methods We assessed prospectively whether plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are associated with risk of coronary heart disease A nested case-control study was conducted in 18 225 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study; the men were aged 40 to 75 years and were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease at blood collection The blood samples were returned between April 1, 1993, and November 30, 1999; 99% were received between April 1, 1993, and November 30, 1995 During 10 years of follow-up, 454 men developed nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal coronary heart disease Using risk set sampling, controls (n = 900) were selected in a 2:1 ratio and matched for age, date of blood collection, and smoking status Results After adjustment for matched variables, men deficient in 25(OH)D (≤15 ng/mL [to convert to nanomoles per liter, multiply by 2496]) were at increased risk for MI compared with those considered to be sufficient in 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL) (relative risk [RR], 242; 95% confidence interval [CI], 153-384;P  Conclusion Low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction in a graded manner, even after controlling for factors known to be associated with coronary artery disease

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/articlepdf/414285/ioi80021_1174_1180.pdf

25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: a prospective study.

Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1021/js960213f

Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. III. Toxicological issues and safety evaluation

We have developed an automated method for measuring high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in serum without prior separation, using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin. When cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase enzymes were modified with PEG, they showed selective catalytic activities towards lipoprotein fractions, with the reactivity increasing in the order: low-density lipoprotein < very-low-density lipoprotein approximately chylomicron < HDL. In the presence of magnesium ions, alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate reduced the reactivity of cholesterol, especially in chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein, without the need for precipitation of those lipoprotein fractions. The combination of PEG-modified enzymes with alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate provided selectivity for the determination of HDL-cholesterol in serum in the presence of a small amount of dextran sulfate without the need for precipitation of lipoprotein aggregates. The results of the HDL-cholesterol assayed in serum by this direct method correlated well with those obtained by precipitation-based methods and also that by an ultracentrifugation method.

N Kayahara

Papers

Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin.