Effects of crude oil contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey and sandy soils

This report presents information on the characterization of cementitiously stabilized layers and the properties that influence pavement performance. It also contains recommended performance-related procedures for characterizing these layers and performance-prediction models for incorporation into the mechanistic–empirical pavement analysis methods. Individual chapters highlight pavement distresses of hot-mix asphalt pavements and concrete pavements, laboratory tests and model development, and model calibration. The material contained in the report will be of immediate interest to state materials, pavement, and construction engineers and others involved in the different aspects of pavement design and construction.

Characterization of Cementitiously Stabilized Layers for Use in Pavement Design and Analysis

Ultimate bearing capacity prediction of shallow foundations on cohesionless soils using neurofuzzy models

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Geotechnical properties of gas oil-contaminated kaolinite

Five square spread footings ranging in size from 1 mm to 3 mm were load tested up to 150 mm of settlement. They were all embedded 0.75 m into a medium dense, fairly uniform, silty silica sand. Load-settlement curves are presented, as well as creep curves relating settlement and time under a constant load. Since the soil mass was instrumented with telltales and inclinometers, vertical and horizontal movements in the soil mass were obtained as a function of depth and lateral extent. Conclusions are reached regarding how best to measure footing settlement, how to present load test results, new correlations for use in design, creep settlement, effect of cyclic loading and preloading on creep rate, zone of influence under the footing, mode of deformation of the soil mass, and volume change observations. Twelve settlement methods, six bearing capacity methods, and the wave activated stiffness test are evaluated by comparing the predictions with the measurements. Many results of these large-scale instrumented tests confirm findings at small scale of previous researchers.

Behavior of Five Large Spread Footings in Sand

Large quantities of oil-contaminated sands resulted from exploded oil wells, burning oil fires, the destruction of oil storage tanks, and the formation of oil lakes in Kuwait at the end of the Gulf War. An extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the geotechnical characteristics of this material. Testing included basic properties, compaction and permeability tests, and triaxial and consolidation tests on clean and contaminated sand at the same relative density. Contaminated specimens were prepared by mixing the sand with oil in the amount of 6% by weight or less to match field conditions. The influence of the type of oil, and relative density was also investigated by direct shear tests. The results indicated a small reduction in strength and permeability and an increase in compressibility due to contamination. The preferred method of disposal of this material is to use it as a stabilizing material for other projects such as road construction.

Geotechnical Properties of Oil-Contaminated Kuwaiti Sand

The behavior of bored pile groups in cemented sands was examined by a field testing program at a site in South Surra, Kuwait. The program consisted of axial load tests on single bored piles in tension and compression and compression tests on two pile groups each consisting of five piles. The spacing of the piles in the groups was two- and three-pile diameters. Soil exploration included standard penetration tests, dynamic cone tests, and pressure meter tests. Laboratory tests included basic properties and drained triaxial compression tests. Test results on single piles indicated that 70% of the ultimate load was transmitted in side friction that was uniform along the pile shafts. The calculated pile group efficiencies were 1.22 and 1.93 for a pile spacing of two- and three-pile diameters, respectively. Since settlement usually controls the design of pile groups in sand, the group factor defined herein as the ratio of the settlement of the group to the settlement of a single pile at comparable loads in the elastic range was determined from test results. A comparison between the measured values and calculated values based on a simplified formula was made.

Axial Load Tests on Bored Piles and Pile Groups in Cemented Sands

Geotechnical properties of dune sands in kuwait

The results of recent loading tests on Kuwaiti sandy soils at seven sites are analyzed. The tests were carried out on small concrete footings ranging in size from 0.25 to 1 m. The effects of severa...

Allowable pressure from loading tests on Kuwaiti soils

The lateral load‐deflection response of bored piles in cemented sands was examined by field tests on single piles, and on small groups consisting of two piles. All 12 piles were 0.3 m in diameter and had a length of 3 m or 5 m. Two piles were instrumented with electrical resistance strain gages. The surface soils to a depth of 3.5 m were characterized as having both components of shear strength, c and ϕ. The measured lateral load deflection behavior was nonlinear, with a stiffer response for the restrained piles in the pile groups. Theoretical parabolic p‐y curves were employed in the cemented sand with conventional lateral earth pressure theories. These theoretical curves were in agreement with the p‐y curves determined from the strain gage measurements. Ignoring the cohesion intercept of cemented sand resulted in an incorrect and too flexible response compared with the measured behavior. Retesting the piles under lateral loads in a perpendicular direction indicated little difference in the lateral capac...

Nabil F. Ismael

Papers

Geotechnical Properties of Oil-Contaminated Kuwaiti Sand

Axial Load Tests on Bored Piles and Pile Groups in Cemented Sands

Geotechnical properties of dune sands in kuwait

Allowable pressure from loading tests on Kuwaiti soils

Behavior of Laterally Loaded Bored Piles in Cemented Sands