The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Myocarditis: A JACC White Paper

By using a multiple receiving coil composed of receiving coils, an imaging portion of a subject is subjected to a first pulse sequence to create n sensitivity images (701 to 703) fewer than the examination images. When these sensitivity images are created, an NMR signal is measured for only the low-frequency region of the k space. A second pulse sequence from which a phase encode step is removed is conducted to create m (m>n) examination images (704, 705) of the subject by using the receiving coils. When sensitivity distributions (707, 708) of the receiving coils are determined for the sensitivity images (701 to 703), and if there are no sensitivity distributions corresponding to the slice positions of the examination images (704, 705), they are determined by slice interpolation using the sensitivity distributions (701 to 703), and the aliasing artifacts of the examination images (704, 705) are removed by matrix operation by using the sensitivity distributions (707, 708).

Magnetic resonance imaging device

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)60195-0.pdf

Intracoronary cardiosphere-derived cells for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (CADUCEUS): a prospective, randomised phase 1 trial

Subclinical thyroid disease (SCTD) is defined as serum free T4 and free T3 levels within their respective reference ranges in the presence of abnormal serum TSH levels. SCTD is being diagnosed more frequently in clinical practice in young and middle-aged people as well as in the elderly. However, the clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction is much debated. Subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism can have repercussions on the cardiovascular system and bone, as well as on other organs and systems. However, the treatment and management of SCTD and population screening are controversial despite the potential risk of progression to overt disease, and there is no consensus on the thyroid hormone and thyrotropin cutoff values at which treatment should be contemplated. Opinions differ regarding tissue effects, symptoms, signs, and cardiovascular risk. Here, we critically review the data on the prevalence and progression of SCTD, its tissue effects, and its prognostic implications. We also examine t...

The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction.

The present invention relates to a method of measuring motion of an object such as a heart by magnetic resonance imaging. A pulse sequence is applied to spatially modulate a region of interest of the object and at least one first spectral peak is acquired from the Fourier domain of the spatially modulated object. The inverse Fourier transform information of the acquired first spectral-peaks is computed and a computed first harmonic phase image is determined from each spectral peak. The process is repeated to create a second harmonic phase image from each second spectral peak and the strain is determined from the first and second harmonic phase images. In a preferred embodiment, the method is employed to determine strain within the myocardium and to determine change in position of a point at two different times which may result in an increased distance or reduced distance. The method may be employed to determine the path of motion of a point through a sequence of tag images depicting movement of the heart. The method may be employed to determine circumferential strain and radial strain.

/pdf/cardiac-motion-tracking-using-cine-harmonic-phase-harp-4gtv8n2ylr.pdf

Cardiac motion tracking using cine harmonic phase (harp) magnetic resonance imaging

Describes a new image processing technique for rapid analysis and visualization of tagged cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images. The method is based on the use of isolated spectral peaks in spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM)-tagged magnetic resonance images. The authors call the calculated angle of the complex image corresponding to one of these peaks a harmonic phase (HARP) image and show that HARP images can be used to synthesize conventional tag lines, reconstruct displacement fields for small motions, and calculate two-dimensional (2-D) strain. The performance of this new approach is demonstrated using both real and simulated tagged MR images. Potential for use of HARP images in fast imaging techniques and three-dimensional (3-D) analyses are discussed.

/pdf/imaging-heart-motion-using-harmonic-phase-mri-2gedit8gtp.pdf

Imaging heart motion using harmonic phase MRI

Background—Tagged MRI of the heart is difficult to implement clinically because of the lack of fast analytical techniques. We investigated the accuracy of harmonic phase (HARP) imaging for rapid qu...

Fast Determination of Regional Myocardial Strain Fields From Tagged Cardiac Images Using Harmonic Phase MRI

This article presents a new method for measuring longitudinal strain in a short-axis section of the heart using harmonic phase magnetic resonance imaging (HARP-MRI). The heart is tagged using 1-1 SPAMM at end-diastole with tag surfaces parallel to a short-axis imaging plane. Two or more images are acquired such that the images have different phase encodings in a direction orthogonal to the image plane. A dense map of the longitudinal strain can be computed from these images using a simple, fast computation. Simulations are conducted to study the effect of noise and the choice of out-of-plane phase encoding values. Longitudinal strains acquired from a normal human male are shown.

/pdf/imaging-longitudinal-cardiac-strain-on-short-axis-images-ijdb3oujuh.pdf

Imaging longitudinal cardiac strain on short‐axis images using strain‐encoded MRI

Harmonic phase magnetic resonance imaging (HARP) is a new technique for measuring the motion of the left ventricle of the heart HARP uses magnetic resonance tagging, Fourier filtering and special processing algorithms to calculate key indices of myocardial motion including Eulerian and Lagrangian strain This paper presents several new methods for visualizing myocardial motion based on HARP Quantities that are computed and visualized include motion grids, velocity fields, strain rates, pathlines, tracked Eulerian strain, and contraction angle The computations are fast and fully automated and have the potential for clinical application

/pdf/visualizing-myocardial-function-using-harp-mri-2goeq1qb5g.pdf

Nael F. Osman

Papers

Cardiac motion tracking using cine harmonic phase (harp) magnetic resonance imaging

Imaging heart motion using harmonic phase MRI

Fast Determination of Regional Myocardial Strain Fields From Tagged Cardiac Images Using Harmonic Phase MRI

Imaging longitudinal cardiac strain on short‐axis images using strain‐encoded MRI

Visualizing myocardial function using HARP MRI.