In this paper, an aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Pedalium murex was used for the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Different biological methods are gaining recognition for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their multiple applications. The use of plants in the green synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. Characterization of nanoparticles was done using different methods, which include; ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), fluorescence emission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and antibacterial activity. UV–visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed absorption peak at around 430 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra had shown that the biomolecule compounds were responsible for the reduction and capping material of silver nanoparticles. XRD study showed the particles to be crystalline in nature, with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The size and stability were detected using DLS and zeta potential analysis. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against generally found bacteria was assessed to find their potential use in silver-containing antibacterial product.

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Characterization of silver nanoparticles by green synthesis method using Pedalium murex leaf extract and their antibacterial activity

Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles: A review

Whereas noble metal compounds have long been central in catalysis, Earth-abundant metal-based catalysts have in the same time remained undeveloped. Yet the efficacy of Earth-abundant metal catalysts was already shown at the very beginning of the 20th century with the Fe-catalyzed Haber–Bosch process of ammonia synthesis and later in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction. Nanoscience has revolutionized the world of catalysis since it was observed that very small Au nanoparticles (NPs) and other noble metal NPs are extraordinarily efficient. Therefore the development of Earth-abundant metals NPs is more recent, but it has appeared necessary due to their “greenness”. This review highlights catalysis by NPs of Earth-abundant transition metals that include Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, early transition metals (Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb and W) and their nanocomposites with emphasis on basic principles and literature reported during the last 5 years. A very large spectrum of catalytic reactions has been successfully disclosed, and catalysis has been examined for each metal starting with zero-valent metal NPs followed by oxides and other nanocomposites. The last section highlights the catalytic activities of bi- and trimetallic NPs. Indeed this later family is very promising and simultaneously benefits from increased stability, efficiency and selectivity, compared to monometallic NPs, due to synergistic substrate activation.

The recent development of efficient Earth-abundant transition-metal nanocatalysts

In this study, a simple, rapid, and eco-friendly green method was introduced to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) successfully. Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii) was employed as a green reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized Fe3O4-NPs were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The X-ray diffraction planes at (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (533) were corresponding to the standard Fe3O4 patterns, which showed the high purity and crystallinity of Fe3O4-NPs had been synthesized. Based on FT-IR analysis, two characteristic absorption peaks were observed at 556 and 423 cm−1, which proved the existence of Fe3O4 in the prepared nanoparticles. TEM image displayed the synthesized Fe3O4-NPs were mostly in spherical shape with an average size of 14.7 nm.

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Green Synthesis of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Using Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Extract.

In recent years, the progress of efficient green chemistry approaches for the fabrication of commercially viable noble metallic nanoparticles has become a major focus of researchers. The present review has focused on the various plant-mediated nanoparticle fabrication approaches, with brief discussions on the categories of various plant-mediated synthesis approaches and mechanistic aspects of plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis. The review also focused on the commercial applications of plant-mediated noble metal nanoparticles. Significant remarks on the limitations of plant-mediated fabrication approaches with prospective future direction are also examined.

Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Plant-Mediated Synthesis, Mechanistic Aspects of Synthesis, and Applications

Phyto-synthesis of gold nanoparticles using fruit extract of Hovenia dulcis and their biological activities

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel extract: A novel approach towards waste utilization

This paper demonstrates a novel and green approach for the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Artemisia annua (A. annua), which is widely distributed in Asia as a medicinal plant. The formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was observed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM analysis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed that they were spherical in shape with an average size of 6 nm. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used as a catalyst for the preparation of biologically interesting benzoxazinone and benzthioxazinone derivatives in high yields. These results showed that the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be used as a catalyst in organic synthesis.

Green fabrication of ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their novel catalytic applications for the synthesis of biologically interesting benzoxazinone and benzthioxazinone derivatives

Plant mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an increasing commercial demand due to the wide applicability in various areas such as electronics, catalysis, chemistry, energy, cosmetics and medicine. In the present investigation, synthesis of gold nanoparticles is done by using fruit extracts of Ananas comosus (L.). Nanoparticles were characterized by using UV visible absorption spectra. Their morphology, elemental composition and crystalline phase were determined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction. FT-IR analysis was used to confirm the presence of gold nanoparticles in the extracts. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were generally found to be effective as antimicrobial agents against some important human pathogens like E.coli and Streptobacillus sp. which are affecting and cause diseases like food poisoning and rat-bite fever to human beings respectively. Copyright © 2013 VBRI press.

Plant Mediated Synthesis Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Fruit Extracts Of Ananas Comosus (L.) (Pineapple) And Evaluation Of Biological Activities

This paper reports the green, rapid synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by the ultrasonic irradiation of Fe2O3 solution and Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens) leaf extract, which was used as both reducing and capping agent. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FT-IR spectra indicated that the bioactive molecules present in the plant extract contain polyols, which act as a reducing as well as capping agent, as confirmed by TGA. TEM and SEM showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were approximately spherical in shape with a mean size of 50 nm. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 25.15 emu g−1. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles, with their easy recovery by an external magnetic field, exhibited strong catalytic activity towards pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-dione derivatives. These results suggest that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles produced can be applied as a catalyst in organic synthesis and recycled at least five times without significant loss in its activity.

Sonochemically synthesized ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a recyclable catalyst for the preparation of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-dione derivatives

Nagaraj Basavegowda

Papers

Phyto-synthesis of gold nanoparticles using fruit extract of Hovenia dulcis and their biological activities

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel extract: A novel approach towards waste utilization

Green fabrication of ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their novel catalytic applications for the synthesis of biologically interesting benzoxazinone and benzthioxazinone derivatives

Plant Mediated Synthesis Of Gold Nanoparticles Using Fruit Extracts Of Ananas Comosus (L.) (Pineapple) And Evaluation Of Biological Activities

Sonochemically synthesized ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a recyclable catalyst for the preparation of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,3-dione derivatives