Section I. Introduction to the Sunflower Family.- 1. Biology and Distribution.- 2. Classification, Phylogeny and Biogeography.- Section II. Introduction to the Flavonoids.- 3. The Use of Flavonoids as Taxonomic Markers.- 4. Structural Variation of the Flavonoids of Asteraceae.- 5. Biosynthesis of Flavonoids.- 6. Biological Functions of Flavonoids.- Section III. Flavonoid Data.- 7. Flavonoids of Anthemideae.- 8. Flavonoids of Astereae.- 9. Flavonoids of Calenduleae and Cardueae.- 10. Flavonoids of Eupatorieae.- 11. Flavonoids of Heliantheae s.l.- 12. Flavonoids of Inuleae s.l.- 13. Flavonoids of Lactuceae.- 14. Flavonoids of Mutisieae and Barnadesioideae.- 15. Flavonoids of Senecioneae.- 16. Flavonoids of Tageteae.- 17. Flavonoids of Vernonieae and Liabeae.- Section IV. Efficacy of Flavonoids at Different Taxonomic Levels.- 18. Flavonoids at the Subfamilial Level.- 19. Flavonoids at the Tribal Level.- 20. Flavonoids at the Subtribal Level.- 21. Flavonoids at the Generic Level.- 22. Flavonoids at the Specific Level.- 23. Flavonoids at Infraspecific Levels.- Section V. Flavonoids as Indicators of the Evolutionary Process.- 24. Flavonoids and Populational Variation.- 25. Flavonoids and Hybridization and Introgression.- Section VI. Flavonoids and Phylogeny.- 26. Flavonoid Relationships with other Families.- 27. Evolution of the Flavonoid System in Asteraceae.- Addendum.- References.- Common Names of Flavonoids Used in This Book and Their Equivalents.- Chemical Index.- Taxon Index.

https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/productFlyer/productFlyer_978-3-211-83479-4.pdf?SGWID=0-0-1297-2113255-0

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Anti-diabetic potential of alkaloid rich fraction from Capparis decidua on diabetic mice.

The caper (Capparis L.): ethnopharmacology, phytochemical and pharmacological properties.

Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids from the Asteraceae family.

Aldose reductase, the key enzyme of the polyol pathway, and oxidative stress are known to play important roles in the complications of diabetes. A drug with potent inhibition of aldose reductase and oxidative stress, therefore, would be a most promising drug for the prevention of diabetic complications. The purpose of this study was to develop new compounds with these dual-effects through synthesis of chalcone derivatives and by examining the structure-activity relationships on the inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase as well as on antioxidant effects. A series of 35 flavonoid derivatives were synthesized by Winget's condensation, oxidation, and reduction of appropriate acetophenones with appropriate benzaldehydes. The inhibitory activity of these derivatives on rat lens aldose reductase and their antioxidant effects, measured using Cu2+ chelation and radical scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl in-vitro, were evaluated. Their effect on sorbitol accumulation in the red blood cells, lenses and sciatic nerves of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was also estimated. Among the new flavonoid derivatives synthesized, those with the 2′,4′-dihydroxyl groups in the A ring such as 2,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone (22), 2,2′,4′-trihydroxychalcone (11), 2′,4′-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylchalcone (21) and 3,4,2′,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone (18) were found to possess the highest rat lens aldose reductase inhibitory activity in-vitro, their IC50 values (concentration of inhibitors giving 50% inhibition of enzyme activity) being 1.6 times 10−7, 3.8 times 10−7, 4.0 times 10−7 and 4.6 times 10−7 M, respectively. All of the chalcones tested except 3, 18, 23 with o-dihydroxy or hydroquinone moiety showed a weak free radical scavenging activity. In the in-vivo experiments, however, compound 18 with o-dihydroxy moiety in the B ring showed the strongest inhibitory activity in the accumulation of sorbitol in the tissues. It also showed the strongest activity in transition metal chelation and free radical scavenging activity. Of the 35 4,2′-dihydroxyl and 2′,4′-dihydroxyl derivatives of flavonoid synthesized, including chalcone, flavone, flavanone, flavonol and dihydrochalcone, some chalcone derivatives synthesized were found to possess aldose reductase inhibition and antioxidant activities in-vitro as well as inhibition in the accumulation of sorbitol in the tissues in-vivo. 3,4,2′,4′-Tetrahydroxychalcone (18, butein) was the most promising compound for the prevention or treatment of diabetic complications.

Synthesis of flavonoids and their effects on aldose reductase and sorbitol accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat tissues.

Two new spermidine alkaloids, 14-N-acetylisocodonocarpine {1} and 15-N-acetylcapparisine {2}, have been isolated from the root bark of Capparis decidua, and their structures have been determined based on the spectral and chemical data including 2D nmr

Two New N-Acetylated Spermidine Alkaloids from Capparis decidua

Isocodonocarpine from Capparis decidua

Two New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes Pluchargutin And Plucharguticin Were Isolated From The Plant Pluchea Arguta, And Their Structures Determined As (1) And (2) Respectively.

Nargis Ismail

Papers

Two New N-Acetylated Spermidine Alkaloids from Capparis decidua

Isocodonocarpine from Capparis decidua

Two New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes From Pluchea Arguta

Macrophylloside, a flavone glucoside from Primula macrophylla

5-hydroxy-3,6,7,2',5'-pentamethoxyflavone from Inula grantioides